如何在JavaScript中将字符串编码为Base64?

我有一个PHP脚本,可以将PNG图像编码为Base64字符串。

我想用JavaScript来做同样的事情。 我知道如何打开文件,但我不知道如何执行编码? 我不习惯使用二进制数据。


您可以使用btoa()atob()来转换base64编码和从base64编码转换。

关于这些功能接受/返回的评论似乎存在一些混淆,所以......

  • btoa()接受一个“字符串”,其中每个字符代表一个8位字节 - 如果传递的字符串包含不能用8位表示的字符,它可能会中断。 如果实际上将字符串视为字节数组,那么这不是问题,但如果您尝试执行其他操作,则必须先对其进行编码。

  • atob()返回一个“字符串”,其中每个字符代表一个8位字节 - 也就是说,它的值将介于00xff之间。 这并不意味着它是ASCII - 大概如果你使用这个函数,你希望使用二进制数据而不是文本。

  • 也可以看看:

  • 如何使用Javascript和XMLHttpRequest加载二进制图像数据?

  • 从这里:

    /**
    *
    *  Base64 encode / decode
    *  http://www.webtoolkit.info/
    *
    **/
    var Base64 = {
    
    // private property
    _keyStr : "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",
    
    // public method for encoding
    encode : function (input) {
        var output = "";
        var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
        var i = 0;
    
        input = Base64._utf8_encode(input);
    
        while (i < input.length) {
    
            chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
            chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
            chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
    
            enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
            enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
            enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
            enc4 = chr3 & 63;
    
            if (isNaN(chr2)) {
                enc3 = enc4 = 64;
            } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
                enc4 = 64;
            }
    
            output = output +
            this._keyStr.charAt(enc1) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc2) +
            this._keyStr.charAt(enc3) + this._keyStr.charAt(enc4);
    
        }
    
        return output;
    },
    
    // public method for decoding
    decode : function (input) {
        var output = "";
        var chr1, chr2, chr3;
        var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
        var i = 0;
    
        input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9+/=]/g, "");
    
        while (i < input.length) {
    
            enc1 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc2 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc3 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc4 = this._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
    
            chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
            chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
            chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
    
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);
    
            if (enc3 != 64) {
                output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
            }
            if (enc4 != 64) {
                output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
            }
    
        }
    
        output = Base64._utf8_decode(output);
    
        return output;
    
    },
    
    // private method for UTF-8 encoding
    _utf8_encode : function (string) {
        string = string.replace(/rn/g,"n");
        var utftext = "";
    
        for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
    
            var c = string.charCodeAt(n);
    
            if (c < 128) {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
            }
            else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
            }
            else {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
            }
    
        }
    
        return utftext;
    },
    
    // private method for UTF-8 decoding
    _utf8_decode : function (utftext) {
        var string = "";
        var i = 0;
        var c = c1 = c2 = 0;
    
        while ( i < utftext.length ) {
    
            c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);
    
            if (c < 128) {
                string += String.fromCharCode(c);
                i++;
            }
            else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
                c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
                string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
                i += 2;
            }
            else {
                c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
                c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
                string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
                i += 3;
            }
    
        }
    
        return string;
    }
    
    }
    

    另外,在“javascript base64编码”上搜索变成了很多其他选项,上面是第一个。


    Sunny的代码非常棒,除了因为引用“this”而在IE7中破解之外。 通过用“Base64”替换这样的引用来修复:

    var Base64 = {
    // private property
    _keyStr : "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",
    
    // public method for encoding
    encode : function (input) {
        var output = "";
        var chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
        var i = 0;
    
        input = Base64._utf8_encode(input);
    
        while (i < input.length) {
    
            chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
            chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
            chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
    
            enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
            enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
            enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
            enc4 = chr3 & 63;
    
            if (isNaN(chr2)) {
                enc3 = enc4 = 64;
            } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
                enc4 = 64;
            }
    
            output = output +
            Base64._keyStr.charAt(enc1) + Base64._keyStr.charAt(enc2) +
            Base64._keyStr.charAt(enc3) + Base64._keyStr.charAt(enc4);
    
        }
    
        return output;
    },
    
    // public method for decoding
    decode : function (input) {
        var output = "";
        var chr1, chr2, chr3;
        var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4;
        var i = 0;
    
        input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9+/=]/g, "");
    
        while (i < input.length) {
    
            enc1 = Base64._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc2 = Base64._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc3 = Base64._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
            enc4 = Base64._keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
    
            chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
            chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
            chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
    
            output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1);
    
            if (enc3 != 64) {
                output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
            }
            if (enc4 != 64) {
                output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
            }
    
        }
    
        output = Base64._utf8_decode(output);
    
        return output;
    
    },
    
    // private method for UTF-8 encoding
    _utf8_encode : function (string) {
        string = string.replace(/rn/g,"n");
        var utftext = "";
    
        for (var n = 0; n < string.length; n++) {
    
            var c = string.charCodeAt(n);
    
            if (c < 128) {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode(c);
            }
            else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 6) | 192);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
            }
            else {
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c >> 12) | 224);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode(((c >> 6) & 63) | 128);
                utftext += String.fromCharCode((c & 63) | 128);
            }
    
        }
    
        return utftext;
    },
    
    // private method for UTF-8 decoding
    _utf8_decode : function (utftext) {
        var string = "";
        var i = 0;
        var c = c1 = c2 = 0;
    
        while ( i < utftext.length ) {
    
            c = utftext.charCodeAt(i);
    
            if (c < 128) {
                string += String.fromCharCode(c);
                i++;
            }
            else if((c > 191) && (c < 224)) {
                c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
                string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 31) << 6) | (c2 & 63));
                i += 2;
            }
            else {
                c2 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+1);
                c3 = utftext.charCodeAt(i+2);
                string += String.fromCharCode(((c & 15) << 12) | ((c2 & 63) << 6) | (c3 & 63));
                i += 3;
            }
    
        }
        return string;
    }
    }
    
    链接地址: http://www.djcxy.com/p/12433.html

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