使用Android下载文件,并在ProgressDialog中显示进度
我正在尝试编写一个更新的简单应用程序。 为此,我需要一个简单的函数,可以下载一个文件并在ProgressDialog
显示当前的ProgressDialog
。 我知道如何做ProgressDialog
,但我不确定如何显示当前进度以及如何首先下载文件。
有很多方法可以下载文件。 以下我将发布最常见的方式; 您需要决定哪种方法更适合您的应用。
1.使用AsyncTask
并在对话框中显示下载进度
此方法将允许您执行一些后台进程并同时更新UI(在这种情况下,我们将更新进度栏)。
这是一个示例代码:
// declare the dialog as a member field of your activity
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
// instantiate it within the onCreate method
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(YourActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setMessage("A message");
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(true);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(true);
// execute this when the downloader must be fired
final DownloadTask downloadTask = new DownloadTask(YourActivity.this);
downloadTask.execute("the url to the file you want to download");
mProgressDialog.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
@Override
public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
downloadTask.cancel(true);
}
});
AsyncTask
将如下所示:
// usually, subclasses of AsyncTask are declared inside the activity class.
// that way, you can easily modify the UI thread from here
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
private Context context;
private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
public DownloadTask(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... sUrl) {
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(sUrl[0]);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// expect HTTP 200 OK, so we don't mistakenly save error report
// instead of the file
if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
return "Server returned HTTP " + connection.getResponseCode()
+ " " + connection.getResponseMessage();
}
// this will be useful to display download percentage
// might be -1: server did not report the length
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
input = connection.getInputStream();
output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/file_name.extension");
byte data[] = new byte[4096];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
// allow canceling with back button
if (isCancelled()) {
input.close();
return null;
}
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known
publishProgress((int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return e.toString();
} finally {
try {
if (output != null)
output.close();
if (input != null)
input.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
if (connection != null)
connection.disconnect();
}
return null;
}
上面的方法( doInBackground
)总是在后台线程上运行。 你不应该在那里做任何UI任务。 另一方面, onProgressUpdate
和onPreExecute
在UI线程上运行,因此您可以更改进度条:
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
// take CPU lock to prevent CPU from going off if the user
// presses the power button during download
PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
getClass().getName());
mWakeLock.acquire();
mProgressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
super.onProgressUpdate(progress);
// if we get here, length is known, now set indeterminate to false
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
mProgressDialog.setMax(100);
mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
mWakeLock.release();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
if (result != null)
Toast.makeText(context,"Download error: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(context,"File downloaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
为了这个运行,你需要WAKE_LOCK权限。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
2.从服务下载
这里最大的问题是:如何从服务中更新我的活动? 在下一个示例中,我们将使用两个您可能不知道的类: ResultReceiver
和IntentService
。 ResultReceiver
是允许我们从服务更新线程的那个; IntentService
是Service
一个子类,它产生一个线程从那里执行后台工作(您应该知道Service
实际上在应用程序的同一线程中运行;当您扩展Service
,必须手动生成新线程以运行CPU阻止操作) 。
下载服务可以像这样:
public class DownloadService extends IntentService {
public static final int UPDATE_PROGRESS = 8344;
public DownloadService() {
super("DownloadService");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
String urlToDownload = intent.getStringExtra("url");
ResultReceiver receiver = (ResultReceiver) intent.getParcelableExtra("receiver");
try {
URL url = new URL(urlToDownload);
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// this will be useful so that you can show a typical 0-100% progress bar
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
InputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/BarcodeScanner-debug.apk");
byte data[] = new byte[1024];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,(int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,100);
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
}
}
将该服务添加到清单中:
<service android:name=".DownloadService"/>
活动将如下所示:
// initialize the progress dialog like in the first example
// this is how you fire the downloader
mProgressDialog.show();
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
intent.putExtra("url", "url of the file to download");
intent.putExtra("receiver", new DownloadReceiver(new Handler()));
startService(intent);
这里是ResultReceiver
来玩:
private class DownloadReceiver extends ResultReceiver{
public DownloadReceiver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
if (resultCode == DownloadService.UPDATE_PROGRESS) {
int progress = resultData.getInt("progress");
mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress);
if (progress == 100) {
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
}
2.1使用Groundy库
Groundy是一个基本上可以帮助您在后台服务中运行代码段的库,它基于上面显示的ResultReceiver
概念。 此库目前已被弃用 。 这就是整个代码的外观:
您正在展示对话的活动...
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_download).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
String url = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_url)).getText().toString().trim();
Bundle extras = new Bundler().add(DownloadTask.PARAM_URL, url).build();
Groundy.create(DownloadExample.this, DownloadTask.class)
.receiver(mReceiver)
.params(extras)
.queue();
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(false);
mProgressDialog.show();
}
});
}
private ResultReceiver mReceiver = new ResultReceiver(new Handler()) {
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
switch (resultCode) {
case Groundy.STATUS_PROGRESS:
mProgressDialog.setProgress(resultData.getInt(Groundy.KEY_PROGRESS));
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_FINISHED:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, R.string.file_downloaded, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_ERROR:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, resultData.getString(Groundy.KEY_ERROR), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
}
}
};
}
一个GroundyTask
使用Groundy下载文件并显示正在执行:
public class DownloadTask extends GroundyTask {
public static final String PARAM_URL = "com.groundy.sample.param.url";
@Override
protected boolean doInBackground() {
try {
String url = getParameters().getString(PARAM_URL);
File dest = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), new File(url).getName());
DownloadUtils.downloadFile(getContext(), url, dest, DownloadUtils.getDownloadListenerForTask(this));
return true;
} catch (Exception pokemon) {
return false;
}
}
}
只需将其添加到清单:
<service android:name="com.codeslap.groundy.GroundyService"/>
我认为这并不容易。 只需从Github抓取最新的jar,然后就可以开始了。 请记住, Groundy的主要目的是在后台服务中调用外部REST API并轻松地将结果发布到UI。 如果你在应用程序中做这样的事情,它可能会非常有用。
2.2使用https://github.com/koush/ion
3.使用DownloadManager
类( GingerBread
和更新版本)
GingerBread带来了一项新功能, DownloadManager
,它允许您轻松下载文件并将处理线程,流等的辛苦工作委托给系统。
首先,我们来看一个实用方法:
/**
* @param context used to check the device version and DownloadManager information
* @return true if the download manager is available
*/
public static boolean isDownloadManagerAvailable(Context context) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
方法的名字解释了这一切。 一旦你确定DownloadManager
可用,你可以做这样的事情:
String url = "url you want to download";
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
request.setDescription("Some descrition");
request.setTitle("Some title");
// in order for this if to run, you must use the android 3.2 to compile your app
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, "name-of-the-file.ext");
// get download service and enqueue file
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
manager.enqueue(request);
下载进度将显示在通知栏中。
最后的想法
第一种和第二种方法只是冰山一角。 如果您希望自己的应用程序强大,则需要记住很多事项。 这里是一个简短的列表:
INTERNET
和WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
); 如果你想检查互联网的可用性,也ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
。 除非需要详细控制下载过程,否则请考虑使用DownloadManager
(3),因为它已经处理了上面列出的大部分项目。
但也要考虑到你的需求可能会改变。 例如, DownloadManager
不响应缓存。 它会盲目地多次下载同一个大文件。 事后并没有简单的方法来解决它。 如果你从一个基本的HttpURLConnection
(1,2)开始,那么你只需要添加一个HttpResponseCache
。 因此,学习基本标准工具的初步工作可能是一项很好的投资。
如果你要从互联网上下载东西,不要忘记给清单文件添加权限!
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.helloandroid"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"></uses-permission>
<application
android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:debuggable="true">
</application>
</manifest>
是上面的代码将工作。但是,如果你正在更新你的progressbar
在onProgressUpdate
的Asynctask
,你按后退按钮或完成您的活动AsyncTask
失去它的轨道与你的用户界面。而当你回到你的活动,即使是下载运行背景你将看不到进度条上的更新。 因此,在OnResume()
尝试运行一个像runOnUIThread
这样的线程与一个计时器任务,更新你的progressbar
,从AsyncTask
运行后台更新值。
private void updateProgressBar(){
Runnable runnable = new updateProgress();
background = new Thread(runnable);
background.start();
}
public class updateProgress implements Runnable {
public void run() {
while(Thread.currentThread()==background)
//while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
Message msg = new Message();
progress = getProgressPercentage();
handler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
private Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
progress.setProgress(msg.what);
}
};
不要忘记当ur活动不可见时销毁线程。
private void destroyRunningThreads() {
if (background != null) {
background.interrupt();
background=null;
}
}
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