Regular expression for valid email address?

Exact Duplicate: Using a regular expression to validate an email address

What are valid email address characters and patterns and how would you write a regular expression which matches it?

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Here you go:

(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t]
)+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:
rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(
?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ 
t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-
31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*
](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+
(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:
(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z
|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)
?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:
rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[
 t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)
?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t]
)*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[
 t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*
)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t]
)+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)
*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+
|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:r
n)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:
rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t
]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31
]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](
?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?
:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?
:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)|(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?
:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?
[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 
00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|
.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>
@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"
(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t]
)*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:
".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?
:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[
]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-
31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(
?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;
:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([
^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:"
.[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[
]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".
[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]
r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 
00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]
|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 
00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|
.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,
;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?
:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*
(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".
[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[
^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]
]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:,s*(
?:(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:
".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(
?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[
["()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t
])*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t
])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?
:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|
Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*|(?:
[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[
]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)*<(?:(?:rn)
?[ t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["
()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)
?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>
@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:rn)?[
 t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,
;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:rn)?[ t]
)*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:
".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*)*:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)?
(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".
[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:.(?:(?:
rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z|(?=[[
"()<>@,;:".[]]))|"(?:[^"r]|.|(?:(?:rn)?[ t]))*"(?:(?:rn)?[ t])
*))*@(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])
+|Z|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*)(?:
.(?:(?:rn)?[ t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:".[] 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:rn)?[ t])+|Z
|(?=[["()<>@,;:".[]]))|[([^[]r]|.)*](?:(?:rn)?[ t])*))*>(?:(
?:rn)?[ t])*))*)?;s*)

No, I'm not joking. http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/Mail-RFC822-Address.html

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Here is a good place to start:

http://www.regular-expressions.info/email.html

As a side note, this website is probably the best place to start for regular expression help and tutorials.

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The short answer is: it's complicated.

The most complete and accurate regex I've ever encountered for email validation is the one documented here. It is not for the faint of heart; it's complicated enough that it's broken into parts to make it easier for humans to parse (sample code is in Java). But in cases where going all the way with validation is merited, I don't think it gets much better.

Keep in mind that the specification mentions a lot of cases that may not be considered typical for email addresses. You may want to be aware of them and decide whether those cases are important to you.

In any case, I would suggest that you use unit testing to confirm that your expression covers the cases that you feel are important. That way, as you dink around with it, you can be sure that you haven't broken some case that worked before.

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