Import a module from a relative path
How do I import a Python module given its relative path?
For example, if dirFoo contains Foo.py and dirBar , and dirBar contains Bar.py , how do I import Bar.py into Foo.py ?
Here's a visual representation:
dirFoo
Foo.py
dirBar
Bar.py
Foo wishes to include Bar , but restructuring the folder hierarchy is not an option.
Assuming that both your directories are real Python packages (do have the __init__.py file inside them), here is a safe solution for inclusion of modules relatively to the location of the script.
I assume that you want to do this, because you need to include a set of modules with your script. I use this in production in several products and works in many special scenarios like: scripts called from another directory or executed with python execute instead of opening a new interpreter.
import os, sys, inspect
# realpath() will make your script run, even if you symlink it :)
cmd_folder = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(os.path.split(inspect.getfile( inspect.currentframe() ))[0]))
if cmd_folder not in sys.path:
sys.path.insert(0, cmd_folder)
# Use this if you want to include modules from a subfolder
cmd_subfolder = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.split(inspect.getfile( inspect.currentframe() ))[0],"subfolder")))
if cmd_subfolder not in sys.path:
sys.path.insert(0, cmd_subfolder)
# Info:
# cmd_folder = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) # DO NOT USE __file__ !!!
# __file__ fails if the script is called in different ways on Windows.
# __file__ fails if someone does os.chdir() before.
# sys.argv[0] also fails, because it doesn't not always contains the path.
As a bonus, this approach does let you force Python to use your module instead of the ones installed on the system.
Warning! I don't really know what is happening when current module is inside an egg file. It probably fails too.
确保dirBar具有__init__.py文件 - 这使得一个目录变成一个Python包。
您也可以将子目录添加到您的Python路径中，以便作为普通脚本导入。
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, <path to dirFoo>)
import Bar
下一篇: 从相对路径导入模块