How do I invoke a Java method when given the method name as a string?
If I have two variables:
Object obj;
String methodName = "getName";
Without knowing the class of obj , how can I call the method identified by methodName on it?
The method being called has no parameters, and a String return value. It's a getter for a Java bean.
Coding from the hip, it would be something like:
java.lang.reflect.Method method;
try {
method = obj.getClass().getMethod(methodName, param1.class, param2.class, ..);
} catch (SecurityException e) { ... }
catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { ... }
The parameters identify the very specific method you need (if there are several overloaded available, if the method has no arguments, only give methodName ).
Then you invoke that method by calling
try {
method.invoke(obj, arg1, arg2,...);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { ... }
catch (IllegalAccessException e) { ... }
catch (InvocationTargetException e) { ... }
Again, leave out the arguments in .invoke , if you don't have any. But yeah. Read about Java Reflection
Use method invocation from reflection:
Class<?> c = Class.forName("class name");
Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("method name", parameterTypes);
method.invoke(objectToInvokeOn, params);
Where:
"class name" is the name of the class objectToInvokeOn is of type Object and is the object you want to invoke the method on "method name" is the name of the method you want to call parameterTypes is of type Class[] and declares the parameters the method takes params is of type Object[] and declares the parameters to be passed to the method For those who want a straight-forward code example in Java 7:
Dog class:
package com.mypackage.bean;
public class Dog {
private String name;
private int age;
public Dog() {
// empty constructor
}
public Dog(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void printDog(String name, int age) {
System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " year(s) old.");
}
}
ReflectionDemo class:
package com.mypackage.demo;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class ReflectionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog";
Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName); // convert string classname to class
Object dog = dogClass.newInstance(); // invoke empty constructor
String methodName = "";
// with single parameter, return void
methodName = "setName";
Method setNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, String.class);
setNameMethod.invoke(dog, "Mishka"); // pass arg
// without parameters, return string
methodName = "getName";
Method getNameMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName);
String name = (String) getNameMethod.invoke(dog); // explicit cast
// with multiple parameters
methodName = "printDog";
Class<?>[] paramTypes = {String.class, int.class};
Method printDogMethod = dog.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
printDogMethod.invoke(dog, name, 3); // pass args
}
}
Output: Mishka is 3 year(s) old.
You can invoke the constructor with parameters this way:
Constructor<?> dogConstructor = dogClass.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
Object dog = dogConstructor.newInstance("Hachiko", 10);
Alternatively, you can remove
String dogClassName = "com.mypackage.bean.Dog";
Class<?> dogClass = Class.forName(dogClassName);
Object dog = dogClass.newInstance();
and do
Dog dog = new Dog();
Method method = Dog.class.getMethod(methodName, ...);
method.invoke(dog, ...);
Suggested reading: Creating New Class Instances
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