In Java, what is a shallow copy?
java.util.Calendar.clone() returns "...a new Calendar with the same properties" and returns "a shallow copy of this Calendar".
This does not appear to be a shallow copy as answered here on SO. That question is tagged language-agnostic, Java does not seem to follow the language agnostic definition. As I step through the code I notice that the structure and the elements are copied to this new object, more than the language agnostic structure only.
In Java, what is a shallow copy?
How does it differ from a Java deep copy (if that exists)?
A shallow copy just copies the values of the references in the class. A deep copy copies the values. given:
class Foo {
private Bar myBar;
...
public Foo shallowCopy() {
Foo newFoo = new Foo();
newFoo.myBar = myBar;
return newFoo;
}
public Foo deepCopy() {
Foo newFoo = new Foo();
newFoo.myBar = myBar.clone(); //or new Bar(myBar) or myBar.deepCopy or ...
return newFoo;
}
}
Foo myFoo = new Foo();
Foo sFoo = myFoo.shallowCopy();
Foo dFoo = myFoo.deepCopy();
myFoo.myBar == sFoo.myBar => true
myFoo.myBar.equals(sFoo.myBar) => true
myFoo.myBar == dFoo.myBar => **false**
myFoo.myBar.equals(dFoo.myBar) => true
In this case the shallow copy has the same reference ( == ) and the deep copy only has an equivalent reference ( .equals() ).
If a change is made to the value of a shallowly copied reference, then the copy reflects that change because it shares the same reference. If a change is made to the value of a deeply copied reference, then the copy does not reflect that change because it does not share the same reference.
C-ism
int a = 10; //init
int& b = a; //shallow - copies REFERENCE
int c = a; //deep - copies VALUE
++a;
Result:
a is 11
*b is 11
c is 10
Shallow copy is a just a set of pointers to the same memory locations. Actually it does not create a real copy so the memory usage is lower.
In a case of a deep copy, an exact copy of the memory segment is created and pointers are set to new memory locations. So theoritically the memory consumption should be twice in this case.
A shallow copy is a copy of the reference pointer to the object, whereas a deep copy is a copy of the object itself. In Java, objects are kept in the background, what you normally interact with when dealing with the objects is the pointers. The variable names point to the memory space of the object. A shallow copy is made when you set one variable equal to another like so:
Object B = A;
A deep copy could be made by getting the properties of object A and putting them in a new object B.
Object B = new Object(A.getProperty1(), A.getProperty2()...);
This affects program behavior in that if you make a shallow copy and perform a task on it, that affects all shallow copies of the object. If you make a change to a deep copy, only that copy is affected. I hope this is detailed enough for you.
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