你如何测试一个Python函数抛出异常?
如何编写一个单元测试,只有在函数没有抛出预期的异常时才会失败?
使用unittest模块中的TestCase.assertRaises
(或TestCase.failUnlessRaises
),例如:
import mymod
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test1(self):
self.assertRaises(SomeCoolException, mymod.myfunc)
自Python 2.7以来,您可以使用上下文管理器来获取抛出的实际Exception对象:
import unittest
def broken_function():
raise Exception('This is broken')
class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test(self):
with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
broken_function()
self.assertTrue('This is broken' in context.exception)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
http://docs.python.org/dev/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertRaises
在Python 3.5中 ,你必须在str
包装context.exception
,否则你会得到一个TypeError
self.assertTrue('This is broken' in str(context.exception))
我以前的答案中的代码可以简化为:
def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction)
如果函数需要参数,只需将它们传递给assertRaises,如下所示:
def test_afunction_throws_exception(self):
self.assertRaises(ExpectedException, afunction, arg1, arg2)
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