Trust Store vs Key Store
I understand that the keystore would usually hold private/public keys and the trust store only public keys (and represents the list of trusted parties you intend to communicate with). Well, that's my first assumption, so if that's not correct, I probably haven't started very well...
I was interested though in understanding how / when you distinguish the stores when using keytool.
So, far I've created a keystore using
keytool -import -alias bob -file bob.crt -keystore keystore.ks
which creates my keystore.ks file. I answer yes to the question do I trust bob but it is unclear to me if this has created a keystore file or a truststore file? I can set up my application to use the file as either.
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=keystore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=x
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=keystore.ks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=x
and with System.setProperty( "javax.net.debug", "ssl") set, I can see the certificate under trusted certifications (but not under the keystore section). The particular certificate I'm importing has only a public key and I intend to use it to send stuff over an SSL connection to Bob (but perhaps that's best left for another question!).
Any pointers or clarifications would be much appreciated. Is the output of keytool the same whatever you import and its just convention that says one is a keystore and the other a trust store? What's the relationship when using SSL etc?
The terminology is a bit confusing indeed, but both javax.net.ssl.keyStore and javax.net.ssl.trustStore are used to specify which keystores to use, for two different purposes. Keystores come in various formats and are not even necessarily files (see this question), and keytool is just a tool to perform various operations on them (import/export/list/...).
The javax.net.ssl.keyStore and javax.net.ssl.trustStore parameters are the default parameters used to build KeyManager s and TrustManager s (respectively), then used to build an SSLContext which essentially contains the SSL/TLS settings to use when making an SSL/TLS connection via an SSLSocketFactory or an SSLEngine . These system properties are just where the default values come from, which is then used by SSLContext.getDefault() , itself used by SSLSocketFactory.getDefault() for example. (All of this can be customized via the API in a number of places, if you don't want to use the default values and that specific SSLContext s for a given purpose.)
The difference between the KeyManager and TrustManager (and thus between javax.net.ssl.keyStore and javax.net.ssl.trustStore ) is as follows (quoted from the JSSE ref guide):
TrustManager: Determines whether the remote authentication credentials (and thus the connection) should be trusted.
KeyManager: Determines which authentication credentials to send to the remote host.
(Other parameters are available and their default values are described in the JSSE ref guide. Note that while there is a default value for the trust store, there isn't one for the key store.)
Essentially, the keystore in javax.net.ssl.keyStore is meant to contain your private keys and certificates, whereas the javax.net.ssl.trustStore is meant to contain the CA certificates you're willing to trust when a remote party presents its certificate. In some cases, they can be one and the same store, although it's often better practice to use distinct stores (especially when they're file-based).
There is no difference between keystore and truststore files. Both are files in the proprietary JKS file format. The distinction is in the use: To the best of my knowledge, Java will only use the store that is referenced by javax.net.ssl.trustStore to look for certificates to trust when creating SSL connections. Same for keys and javax.net.ssl.keyStore . But in theory it's fine to use one and the same file for trust- and keystores.
Keystore is used by a server to store private keys, and truststore is used by third party client to store public keys provided by server to access. I have did that in my production application. Below are the steps for generating java certificates for SSL communication:
keytool -genkey -keystore server.keystore -alias mycert-20161109 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 3950
keytool -selfcert -alias mycert-20161109 -keystore server.keystore -validity 3950
keytool -export -alias mycert-20161109 -keystore server.keystore -rfc -file mycert-20161109.cer
keytool -importcert -alias mycert-20161109 -file C:certsmycert-20161109 -keystore .truststore
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