Compare dictionaries ignoring specific keys

How can I test if two dictionaries are equal while taking some keys out of consideration. For example,

equal_dicts(
    {'foo':1, 'bar':2, 'x':55, 'y': 77 },
    {'foo':1, 'bar':2, 'x':66, 'z': 88 },
    ignore_keys=('x', 'y', 'z')
)

should return True.

UPD: I'm looking for an efficient, fast solution.

UPD2. I ended up with this code, which appears to be the fastest:

def equal_dicts_1(a, b, ignore_keys):
    ka = set(a).difference(ignore_keys)
    kb = set(b).difference(ignore_keys)
    return ka == kb and all(a[k] == b[k] for k in ka)

Timings: https://gist.github.com/2651872

---

def equal_dicts(d1, d2, ignore_keys):
    d1_filtered = dict((k, v) for k,v in d1.iteritems() if k not in ignore_keys)
    d2_filtered = dict((k, v) for k,v in d2.iteritems() if k not in ignore_keys)
    return d1_filtered == d2_filtered

编辑：这可能会更快，更具有内存效率：

def equal_dicts(d1, d2, ignore_keys):
    ignored = set(ignore_keys)
    for k1, v1 in d1.iteritems():
        if k1 not in ignored and (k1 not in d2 or d2[k1] != v1):
            return False
    for k2, v2 in d2.iteritems():
        if k2 not in ignored and k2 not in d1:
            return False
    return True

---

Using dict comprehensions:

>>> {k: v for k,v in d1.items() if k not in ignore_keys} == 
... {k: v for k,v in d2.items() if k not in ignore_keys}

Use .viewitems() instead on Python 2.

---

Very very crudely, you could just delete any ignored keys and compare those dictionaries:

def equal_dicts(d1, d2, ignore_keys=()):
    d1_, d2_ = d1.copy(), d2.copy()
    for k in ignore_keys:
        try:
            del d1_[k]
        except KeyError: 
            pass
        try:
            del d2_[k]
        except KeyError: 
            pass

    return d1_ == d2_

(Note that we don't need a deep copy here, we just need to avoid modifying d1 and d2 .)

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