F#计算表达式透明状态通过绑定
我有以下代码尝试使用常见的MaybeBuilder从网络流中读取可能不完整的数据(例如图像数据):
let image = maybe {
let pos = 2 //Initial position skips 2 bytes of packet ID
let! width, pos = readStreamAsInt 2 pos
let! height, pos = readStreamAsInt 2 pos
let! data, pos = readStream (width*height) pos
advanceInStream pos
return {width = width; height = height; pixels = data}
}
因此,如果数据尚未到达NetworkStream,readStream [asInt] [numBytes] [offset]函数会返回Some [data]或None。 在读取整个网络数据包时执行advanceInStream函数。
我想知道是否有某种方法来编写一些自定义计算表达式构建器来隐藏pos用户的pos传递,因为它总是相同的 - 我读取一些数据并在流中进行定位,并将其作为最后一个参数传递给下一个读取函数。
PS MaybeBuilder使用:
type MaybeBuilder() =
member x.Bind(d,f) = Option.bind f d
member x.Return d = Some d
member x.ReturnFrom d = d
member x.Zero() = None
let maybe = new MaybeBuilder()
PPS
第二个想法是,由于可能的“for”或“while”循环在阅读中,似乎我必须让pos变化。 简单的让! 适用于Pos绑定阴影,但如果您在循环中添加阅读,则无法保持不可变性,对吗? 那么任务就变得微不足道了。
@bytebuster正在提供关于自定义计算表达式的可维护性的好点,但我仍然认为我演示了如何将State
和Maybe
monad合并为一个。
在“传统”语言中,我们有很好的支持组合值等整数值,但是在开发解析器时遇到问题(二进制流中的生成值本质上是解析)。 对于解析器,我们希望将简单的解析器函数组合成更复杂的解析器函数,但这里的“传统”语言通常缺乏良好的支持。
在函数式语言中,函数与数值一样普通,并且由于值可以组成,所以显然函数也可以是这样。
首先让我们定义一个StreamReader
函数。 StreamReader
需要StreamPosition
(stream + position)并生成更新的StreamPosition
和StreamReaderResult
(读取值或失败)。
type StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader of (StreamPosition -> StreamPosition*StreamReaderResult<'T>)
(这是最重要的一步。)
我们希望能够将简单的StreamReader
功能组合成更复杂的功能。 我们想要维护的一个非常重要的属性是,在StreamReader
下,组合操作是“关闭”的,这意味着组合的结果是一个新的StreamReader
,它可以StreamReader
地构成。
为了读取图像,我们需要读取宽度和高度,计算产品并读取字节。 像这样的东西:
let readImage =
reader {
let! width = readInt32
let! height = readInt32
let! bytes = readBytes (width*height)
return width, height, bytes
}
由于组合被关闭, readImage
是一个StreamReader<int*int*byte[]>
。
为了能够像上面那样StreamReader
,我们需要定义一个计算表达式,但在我们能够做到这一点之前,我们需要为StreamReader
定义操作Return
和Bind
。 事实证明, Yield
也是很好的。
module StreamReader =
let Return v : StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
sp, (Success v)
let Bind (StreamReader t) (fu : 'T -> StreamReader<'U>) : StreamReader<'U> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
let tsp, tr = t sp
match tr with
| Success tv ->
let (StreamReader u) = fu tv
u tsp
| Failure tfs -> tsp, Failure tfs
let Yield (ft : unit -> StreamReader<'T>) : StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
let (StreamReader t) = ft ()
t sp
Return
是微不足道的,因为StreamReader
应该返回给定的值并且不更新StreamPosition
。
Bind
更具挑战性,但描述了如何将两个StreamReader
函数合并为一个新函数。 Bind
运行第一个StreamReader
函数并检查结果,如果失败则返回失败,否则使用StreamReader
结果计算第二个StreamReader
并在更新流位置上运行该结果。
Yield
仅创建StreamReader
函数并运行它。 Yield
构建计算表达式时所采用F#。
最后我们来创建计算表达式构建器
type StreamReaderBuilder() =
member x.Return v = StreamReader.Return v
member x.Bind(t,fu) = StreamReader.Bind t fu
member x.Yield(ft) = StreamReader.Yield ft
let reader = StreamReaderBuilder ()
现在我们构建了用于组合StreamReader
函数的基本框架。 另外,我们需要定义StreamReader
的基本功能。
完整的例子:
open System
open System.IO
// The result of a stream reader operation is either
// Success of value
// Failure of list of failures
type StreamReaderResult<'T> =
| Success of 'T
| Failure of (string*StreamPosition) list
and StreamPosition =
{
Stream : byte[]
Position : int
}
member x.Remaining = max 0 (x.Stream.Length - x.Position)
member x.ReadBytes (size : int) : StreamPosition*StreamReaderResult<byte[]> =
if x.Remaining < size then
x, Failure ["EOS", x]
else
let nsp = StreamPosition.New x.Stream (x.Position + size)
nsp, Success (x.Stream.[x.Position..(x.Position + size - 1)])
member x.Read (converter : byte[]*int -> 'T) : StreamPosition*StreamReaderResult<'T> =
let size = sizeof<'T>
if x.Remaining < size then
x, Failure ["EOS", x]
else
let nsp = StreamPosition.New x.Stream (x.Position + size)
nsp, Success (converter (x.Stream, x.Position))
static member New s p = {Stream = s; Position = p;}
// Defining the StreamReader<'T> function is the most important decision
// In this case a stream reader is a function that takes a StreamPosition
// and produces a (potentially) new StreamPosition and a StreamReadeResult
type StreamReader<'T> = StreamReader of (StreamPosition -> StreamPosition*StreamReaderResult<'T>)
// Defining the StreamReader CE
module StreamReader =
let Return v : StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
sp, (Success v)
let Bind (StreamReader t) (fu : 'T -> StreamReader<'U>) : StreamReader<'U> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
let tsp, tr = t sp
match tr with
| Success tv ->
let (StreamReader u) = fu tv
u tsp
| Failure tfs -> tsp, Failure tfs
let Yield (ft : unit -> StreamReader<'T>) : StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
let (StreamReader t) = ft ()
t sp
type StreamReaderBuilder() =
member x.Return v = StreamReader.Return v
member x.Bind(t,fu) = StreamReader.Bind t fu
member x.Yield(ft) = StreamReader.Yield ft
let reader = StreamReaderBuilder ()
let read (StreamReader sr) (bytes : byte[]) (pos : int) : StreamReaderResult<'T> =
let sp = StreamPosition.New bytes pos
let _, sr = sr sp
sr
// Defining various stream reader functions
let readValue (converter : byte[]*int -> 'T) : StreamReader<'T> =
StreamReader <| fun sp -> sp.Read converter
let readInt32 = readValue BitConverter.ToInt32
let readInt16 = readValue BitConverter.ToInt16
let readBytes size : StreamReader<byte[]> =
StreamReader <| fun sp ->
sp.ReadBytes size
let readImage =
reader {
let! width = readInt32
let! height = readInt32
let! bytes = readBytes (width*height)
return width, height, bytes
}
[<EntryPoint>]
let main argv =
// Sample byte stream
let bytes = [|2;0;0;0;3;0;0;0;1;2;3;4;5;6|] |> Array.map byte
let result = read readImage bytes 0
printfn "%A" result
0
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