Ruby: Proc#call vs yield

What are the behavioural differences between the following two implementations in Ruby of the thrice method?

module WithYield
  def self.thrice
    3.times { yield }      # yield to the implicit block argument
  end
end

module WithProcCall
  def self.thrice(&block)  # & converts implicit block to an explicit, named Proc
    3.times { block.call } # invoke Proc#call
  end
end

WithYield::thrice { puts "Hello world" }
WithProcCall::thrice { puts "Hello world" }

By "behavioural differences" I include error handling, performance, tool support, etc.

---

I think the first one is actually a syntactic sugar of the other. In other words there is no behavioural difference.

What the second form allows though is to "save" the block in a variable. Then the block can be called at some other point in time - callback.

---

Ok. This time I went and did a quick benchmark:

require 'benchmark'

class A
  def test
    10.times do
      yield
    end
  end
end

class B
  def test(&block)
    10.times do
      block.call
    end
  end
end

Benchmark.bm do |b|
  b.report do
    a = A.new
    10000.times do
      a.test{ 1 + 1 }
    end
  end

  b.report do
    a = B.new
    10000.times do
      a.test{ 1 + 1 }
    end
  end

  b.report do
    a = A.new
    100000.times do
      a.test{ 1 + 1 }
    end
  end

  b.report do
    a = B.new
    100000.times do
      a.test{ 1 + 1 }
    end
  end

end

The results are interesting:

      user     system      total        real
  0.090000   0.040000   0.130000 (  0.141529)
  0.180000   0.060000   0.240000 (  0.234289)
  0.950000   0.370000   1.320000 (  1.359902)
  1.810000   0.570000   2.380000 (  2.430991)

This shows that using block.call is almost 2x slower than using yield .

---

不同类型的红宝石瓶盖之间的行为差​​异已被广泛记录

---

Here's an update for Ruby 2.x

ruby 2.0.0p247 (2013-06-27 revision 41674) [x86_64-darwin12.3.0]

I got sick of writing benchmarks manually so I created a little runner module called benchable

require 'benchable' # https://gist.github.com/naomik/6012505

class YieldCallProc
  include Benchable

  def initialize
    @count = 10000000    
  end

  def bench_yield
    @count.times { yield }
  end

  def bench_call &block
    @count.times { block.call }
  end

  def bench_proc &block
    @count.times &block
  end

end

YieldCallProc.new.benchmark

Output

                      user     system      total        real
bench_yield       0.930000   0.000000   0.930000 (  0.928682)
bench_call        1.650000   0.000000   1.650000 (  1.652934)
bench_proc        0.570000   0.010000   0.580000 (  0.578605)

I think the most surprising thing here is that bench_yield is slower than bench_proc . I wish I had a little more of an understanding for why this is happening.

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