How to cast an integer to void pointer?
While working with Threads in C, I'm facing the warning
"warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size"
The code is as follows
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
void *print(void *id)
{
int a=10;
printf("My thread id is %ldn",pthread_self());
printf("Thread %d is executingn",id);
return (void *) 42;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t th[5];
int t;
int i;
int status;
void *ret;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
status=pthread_create(&th[i],NULL,print,(void *)i); //Getting warning at this line
if(status)
{
printf("Error creating threadsn");
exit(0);
}
pthread_join(th[i],&ret);
printf("--->%dn",(int *)ret);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
Can anybody explain how to pass an integer to a function which receives (void * ) as a parameter?
This is a fine way to pass integers to new pthreads, if that is what you need. You just need to suppress the warning, and this will do it:
#include <stdint.h>
void *threadfunc(void *param)
{
int id = (intptr_t) param;
...
}
int i, r;
r = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, threadfunc, (void *) (intptr_t) i);
Discussion
This may offend your sensibilities, but it's very short and has no race conditions (as you'd have if you used &i ). No sense in writing a few dozen lines of extra code just to get a bunch of numbered threads.
Data races
Here is a bad version with a data race:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 10
void *thread_func(void *arg)
{
int *ptr = arg;
// Has *ptr changed by the time we get here? Maybe!
printf("Arg = %dn", *ptr);
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
int i;
pthread_t threads[N];
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
// NO NO NO NO this is bad!
pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_func, &i);
}
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
}
return 0;
}
Now, what happens when I run it with the thread sanitizer?
(Also, check out how it prints "5" twice...)
==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=20494)
Read of size 4 at 0x7ffc95a834ec by thread T1:
#0 thread_func /home/depp/test.c:9 (a.out+0x000000000a8c)
#1 <null> <null> (libtsan.so.0+0x000000023519)
Previous write of size 4 at 0x7ffc95a834ec by main thread:
#0 main /home/depp/test.c:17 (a.out+0x000000000b3a)
Location is stack of main thread.
Thread T1 (tid=20496, running) created by main thread at:
#0 pthread_create <null> (libtsan.so.0+0x0000000273d4)
#1 main /home/depp/test.c:18 (a.out+0x000000000b1c)
SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race /home/depp/test.c:9 thread_func
==================
Arg = 1
Arg = 2
Arg = 3
Arg = 4
Arg = 5
Arg = 6
Arg = 7
Arg = 8
Arg = 9
Arg = 5
ThreadSanitizer: reported 1 warnings
you can do something like this:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
struct th {
pthread_t thread;
int id;
int ret;
};
void *print(void *id) {
int a=10;
struct th *self = (struct th *) id;
printf("My thread id is %ldn",pthread_self());
printf("Thread %d is executingn",self->id);
self->ret = random();
return;
}
int main(void) {
struct th th[5];
int t;
int i;
int status;
void *ret;
for(i=0;i<5;i++) {
th[i].id = i;
status=pthread_create(&th[i].thread,NULL,print,&th[i]); //Getting warning at this line
if(status) {
printf("Error creating threadsn");
exit(0);
}
}
for (i=0;i<5;i++) {
pthread_join(th[i].thread,&ret);
printf("%d--->%dn",th[i].id,th[i].ret);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
will output:
My thread id is 4496162816
My thread id is 4497870848
My thread id is 4498944000
My thread id is 4498407424
Thread 0 is executing
Thread 1 is executing
My thread id is 4499480576
Thread 3 is executing
Thread 2 is executing
0--->1804289383
Thread 4 is executing
1--->846930886
2--->1714636915
3--->1681692777
4--->1957747793
passing a unique pointer to each thread wont race, and you can get/save any kind of information in the th struct
you can pass the int value as void pointer like (void *)&n where n is integer, and in the function accept void pointer as parameter like void foo(void *n); and finally inside the function convert void pointer to int like, int num = *(int *)n; . this way you won't get any warning.
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