How do I sort a dictionary by value?
I have a dictionary of values read from two fields in a database: a string field and a numeric field. The string field is unique, so that is the key of the dictionary.
I can sort on the keys, but how can I sort based on the values?
Note: I have read Stack Overflow question How do I sort a list of dictionaries by values of the dictionary in Python? and probably could change my code to have a list of dictionaries, but since I do not really need a list of dictionaries I wanted to know if there is a simpler solution.
For the sake of completeness, I am posting a solution using heapq. Note, this method will work for both numeric and non-numeric values
>>> x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4:3, 2:1, 0:0}
>>> x_items = x.items()
>>> heapq.heapify(x_items)
>>> #To sort in reverse order
>>> heapq.nlargest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(3, 4), (4, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (0, 0)]
>>> #To sort in ascending order
>>> heapq.nsmallest(len(x_items),x_items, operator.itemgetter(1))
[(0, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4)]
months = {"January": 31, "February": 28, "March": 31, "April": 30, "May": 31,
"June": 30, "July": 31, "August": 31, "September": 30, "October": 31,
"November": 30, "December": 31}
def mykey(t):
""" Customize your sorting logic using this function. The parameter to
this function is a tuple. Comment/uncomment the return statements to test
different logics.
"""
return t[1] # sort by number of days in the month
#return t[1], t[0] # sort by number of days, then by month name
#return len(t[0]) # sort by length of month name
#return t[0][-1] # sort by last character of month name
# Since a dictionary can't be sorted by value, what you can do is to convert
# it into a list of tuples with tuple length 2.
# You can then do custom sorts by passing your own function to sorted().
months_as_list = sorted(months.items(), key=mykey, reverse=False)
for month in months_as_list:
print month
As pointed out by Dilettant, Python 3.6 will now keep the order! I thought I'd share a function I wrote that eases the sorting of an iterable (tuple, list, dict). In the latter case, you can sort either on keys or values, and it can take numeric comparison into account. Only for >= 3.6!
When you try using sorted on an iterable that holds eg strings as well as ints, sorted() will fail. Of course you can force string comparison with str(). However, in some cases you want to do actual numeric comparison where 12 is smaller than 20 (which is not the case in string comparison). So I came up with the following. When you want explicit numeric comparison you can use the flag num_as_num which will try to do explicit numeric sorting by trying to convert all values to floats. If that succeeds, it will do numeric sorting, otherwise it'll resort to string comparison.
Comments for improvement or push requests welcome.
def sort_iterable(iterable, sort_on=None, reverse=False, num_as_num=False):
def _sort(i):
# sort by 0 = keys, 1 values, None for lists and tuples
try:
if num_as_num:
if i is None:
_sorted = sorted(iterable, key=lambda v: float(v), reverse=reverse)
else:
_sorted = dict(sorted(iterable.items(), key=lambda v: float(v[i]), reverse=reverse))
else:
raise TypeError
except (TypeError, ValueError):
if i is None:
_sorted = sorted(iterable, key=lambda v: str(v), reverse=reverse)
else:
_sorted = dict(sorted(iterable.items(), key=lambda v: str(v[i]), reverse=reverse))
return _sorted
if isinstance(iterable, list):
sorted_list = _sort(None)
return sorted_list
elif isinstance(iterable, tuple):
sorted_list = tuple(_sort(None))
return sorted_list
elif isinstance(iterable, dict):
if sort_on == 'keys':
sorted_dict = _sort(0)
return sorted_dict
elif sort_on == 'values':
sorted_dict = _sort(1)
return sorted_dict
elif sort_on is not None:
raise ValueError(f"Unexpected value {sort_on} for sort_on. When sorting a dict, use key or values")
else:
raise TypeError(f"Unexpected type {type(iterable)} for iterable. Expected a list, tuple, or dict")
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