Python与define相当

我在ruby中有这样的代码:

class Package

def initialize(name)
    @name = name
    @elements = []
end

[:type, :block].each do |bindtype|
    define_method "get_#{bindtype}_by_name" do |name|
        get_by_name(name, bindtype)
    end
end

def get_by_name(name, bindtype=nil)
    @elements.each do |element|
        return if element.name == name
    end
    return nil
end

我已经阅读了关于python中的define_method的这个问题,我想用我的Ruby代码在Python中实现同样的事情:

bindtypes = {"type", "block"}

class Package:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.elements = list()

    def get_by_name(self, name, bindtype=None):
        for element in self.elements:
            if element.name == name:
                return element
        return None

for bindtype in bindtypes:
    def _in_bindtype(self, bindtype, bindtype):
        Package.get_by_name(bindtype, bindtype)
    setattr(Package, "get_"+bindtype+"_by_name", _in_bindtype

我调用这样的函数:

package = Package("package")    
block = Block("blockName")
package.elements.append(block)
blockFound = package.get_block_by_name(block.name, block.bindtype)

但显然这不起作用,因为我没有恢复我正在搜索的元素的名称。 有人可以帮助我更好地了解这个python define_method如何处理我的代码?


你几乎在那里; 绑定bindtype值作为函数参数的默认值,并且您想在self上调用get_by_name()

for bindtype in bindtypes:
    def _in_bindtype(self, name, bindtype=bindtype):
        self.get_by_name(name, bindtype)
    setattr(Package, "get_{}_by_name".format(bindtype), _in_bindtype)

我冒昧地使用str.format()来格式化方法名称,而不是使用+连接,我发现它更具可读性。

或者,在Python 3中,您可以创建functools.partialmethod()对象:

from functools import partialmethod

for bindtype in bindtypes:
    setattr(Package, "get_{}_by_name".format(bindtype),
            partialmethod(Package.get_by_name, bindtype=bindtype))
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