渲染到纹理
我制作了一个渲染天空盒和微粒的应用程序。 我想添加一些效果，我需要使用帧缓冲区渲染天空盒，粒子颜色，深度和位置来分离纹理。 然后，我想使用简单的着色器来使用这些纹理中的值，并以适当的方式混合它们。 我写了纹理，帧缓冲区和屏幕四边形（简单矩形渲染）的帮助类，但不幸的是 - 当我尝试使用它时，没有任何渲染。
绑定帧缓冲区被注释掉时，我的场景如下所示：
修改着色器可以正确计算深度和位置值。 因此问题在于纹理和帧缓冲区的使用方式。 一些代码的时间：
Framebuffer助手类（只有重要的方法）：
void Framebuffer::init(){
// unbind all textures from openGL
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
}
void Framebuffer::bind(){
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
}
void Framebuffer::unbind(){
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}
void Framebuffer::attachTexture(GLuint texture, GLenum attachmentType){
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, attachmentType, texture, 0);
}
void Framebuffer::drawBuffers(GLsizei n, const GLenum *buffers){
glDrawBuffers(n, buffers);
}
纹理辅助类：
void Texture::init(GLuint windowWidth, GLuint windowHeight, GLint internalFormat, GLenum format, GLenum type){
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexImage2D( GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, internalFormat , windowWidth, windowHeight, 0, format, type, 0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
void Texture::bind(){
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
}
void Texture::unbind(){
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
GLuint Texture::getId(){
return texture;
}
ScreenQuad类：
void ScreenQuad::init(void){
vao.createVAO();
vao.bindVAO();
vbo.createVBO();
vbo.addData(vertices, 8*sizeof(GLfloat));
vbo.bindVBO(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
vbo.uploadDataToGPU(GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)3, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
loadShaders("shaders/basicPostShader.vp", "shaders/basicPostShader.fp");
}
void ScreenQuad::loadShaders(string vsPath, string fsPath){
shaderProgram.createProgram();
shaderProgram.loadVertexShader(vsPath);
shaderProgram.loadFragmentShader(fsPath);
glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram.getProgramID(), 3, "v_coord");
shaderProgram.linkProgram();
}
void ScreenQuad::draw(GLuint depthTexture, GLuint colorTexture, GLuint positionTexture, GLuint backgroundTexture){
shaderProgram.bindProgram();
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, depthTexture);
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_depthtex", 0);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture);
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_colortex", 1);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, positionTexture);
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_positiontex", 2);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE3);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, backgroundTexture);
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_backgroundtex", 3);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
vbo.bindVBO();
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
vbo.unbindVBO();
glDisableVertexAttribArray(3);
shaderProgram.unbindProgram();
}
以及用于初始化和渲染场景的方法：
void OpenGLContext::setupScene(void) {
glClearColor(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 1.0f);
//FRAMEBUFFERS:
skyboxFramebuffer.init();
skyboxTexture.init(windowWidth, windowHeight, GL_RGBA32F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
skyboxFramebuffer.bind();
skyboxFramebuffer.attachTexture(skyboxTexture.getId(), GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
const GLenum skyboxDrawBuffers[1] = { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0};
skyboxFramebuffer.drawBuffers(1, skyboxDrawBuffers);
skyboxFramebuffer.validate();
skyboxFramebuffer.unbind();
mainFramebuffer.init();
mainColorTexture.init(windowWidth, windowHeight, GL_RGBA32F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
mainPositionTexture.init(windowWidth, windowHeight, GL_RGBA32F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
mainDepthTexture.init(windowWidth, windowHeight, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT);
mainFramebuffer.bind();
mainFramebuffer.attachTexture(mainColorTexture.getId(), GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
mainFramebuffer.attachTexture(mainPositionTexture.getId(), GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1);
mainFramebuffer.attachTexture(mainDepthTexture.getId(), GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT);
const GLenum mainDrawBuffers[2] = { GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1};
mainFramebuffer.drawBuffers(2, mainDrawBuffers);
mainFramebuffer.validate();
mainFramebuffer.unbind();
//SKYBOX:
skybox->init("resources/skybox/default/",
"pos_x.tga",
"neg_x.tga",
"pos_y.tga",
"neg_y.tga",
"pos_z.tga",
"neg_z.tga");
//PARTICLES:
particles->init(scene);
//SCREENQUAD:
screenQuad.init();
}
void OpenGLContext::renderScene() {
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &windowWidth, &windowHeight);
glViewport(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
fpsCounter->calcFPS(1.0, windowName);
if(mode==INPUT_ENABLED_MODE){
updateInputs();
}
projectionMatrix = controls->getProjectionMatrix();
viewMatrix = controls->getViewMatrix();
modelMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
glm::mat4 mvpMatrix = projectionMatrix*viewMatrix*modelMatrix;
//SKYBOX:
skyboxFramebuffer.bind();
skybox->render(mvpMatrix);
skyboxFramebuffer.unbind();
//PARTICLES:
if(scene->tryLockScene()){
if(scene->isSceneUpdated()){
particles->updateParticlesPosition(scene);
scene->setSceneUpdated(false);
}
scene->unlockScene();
}
mainFramebuffer.bind();
particles->draw(modelMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
mainFramebuffer.unbind();
//SCREENQUAD:
screenQuad.draw(mainDepthTexture.getId(), mainColorTexture.getId(), mainPositionTexture.getId(), skyboxTexture.getId());
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
加上screenQuad着色器：顶点：
#version 430
layout (location = 3) in vec2 v_coord;
layout (binding = 0) uniform sampler2D u_depthtex;
layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2D u_colortex;
layout (binding = 2) uniform sampler2D u_positiontex;
layout (binding = 3) uniform sampler2D u_backgroundtex;
out vec2 fs_texcoord;
void main(void) {
gl_Position = vec4(v_coord, 0.0, 1.0);
fs_texcoord = (v_coord + 1.0) / 2.0;
}
和片段：
#version 430
layout (binding = 0) uniform sampler2D u_depthtex;
layout (binding = 1) uniform sampler2D u_colortex;
layout (binding = 2) uniform sampler2D u_positiontex;
layout (binding = 3) uniform sampler2D u_backgroundtex;
layout (location = 0) out vec4 out_Color;
in vec2 fs_texcoord;
void main(void) {
float exp_depth = texture(u_depthtex,fs_texcoord).r;
if(exp_depth>0.99f){
out_Color = vec4(texture(u_backgroundtex,fs_texcoord).xyz,1.0f);
return;
}
out_Color = vec4(texture(u_colortex,fs_texcoord).xyz, 1.0f);
}
Shader帮助程序类，vao和vbo帮助程序类很好。 日志中没有发生错误。
更新：粒子顶点着色器：
#version 430
uniform mat4x4 modelViewMatrix;
uniform mat4x4 projectionMatrix;
uniform float pointRadius; // point size in world space
uniform float pointScale; // scale to calculate size in pixels
layout (location = 0) in vec3 in_Position;
layout (location = 1) in vec4 in_Color;
out vec3 fs_PosEye;
out vec4 fs_Position;
out vec4 fs_Color;
void main(void) {
vec3 posEye = (modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position.xyz, 1.0f)).xyz;
float dist = length(posEye);
gl_PointSize = pointRadius * (pointScale/dist);
fs_PosEye = posEye;
fs_Position = modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position.xyz, 1.0f);
fs_Color = in_Color;
gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position.xyz, 1.0f);
}
片段着色器：
#version 430
uniform mat4x4 modelViewMatrix;
uniform mat4x4 projectionMatrix;
uniform float pointRadius; // point size in world space
uniform float pointScale; // scale to calculate size in pixels
in vec4 fs_Position;
in vec3 fs_PosEye;
in vec4 fs_Color;
layout (location = 0) out vec4 out_Color;
layout (location = 1) out vec4 out_Position;
void main(void)
{
// calculate normal from texture coordinates
vec3 normal;
normal.xy = gl_PointCoord.xy*vec2(2.0, -2.0) + vec2(-1.0, 1.0);
float r = dot(normal.xy, normal.xy);
if(r>1.0)
discard;
normal.z = sqrt(1.0-r);
//calculate depth
vec4 pixelPos = vec4(fs_PosEye + normalize(normal)*pointRadius,1.0f);
vec4 clipSpacePos = projectionMatrix * pixelPos;
gl_FragDepth = (clipSpacePos.z / clipSpacePos.w);
out_Color = fs_Color;
out_Position = pixelPos;
}
和Particles.draw（）方法：
void CParticles::draw(glm::mat4 modelMatrix, glm::mat4 viewMatrix, glm::mat4 projectionMatrix){
shaderProgram.bindProgram();
glm::mat4 modelViewMatrix = viewMatrix*modelMatrix;
shaderProgram.setUniform("projectionMatrix", &projectionMatrix);
shaderProgram.setUniform("modelViewMatrix", &modelViewMatrix);
shaderProgram.setUniform("pointRadius", &pointRadius);
shaderProgram.setUniform("pointScale", &pointScale);
glPointParameteri(GL_POINT_SPRITE_COORD_ORIGIN, GL_LOWER_LEFT);
glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE);
glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, n);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
glDisable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
glDisable(GL_POINT_SPRITE);
shaderProgram.unbindProgram();
}
UPDATE2：
问题是当我尝试在screenQuad着色器中从它们采样数据时，由粒子着色器填充的纹理是空的。 每个深度，位置和颜色纹理采样器返回零。 我使用与天空盒相同的类和方法，但天空盒贴图工作正常。
更新3：随机代码的变化告诉我，如果我将深度纹理附加到framebuffer中，粒子的颜色最终会传递到纹理，我可以在屏幕上看到它（但没有进行任何深度测试）。红色粒子（最后绘制）是总是在前面）。
我想连接粒子着色器与深度纹理有问题。 但是我仍然无法找到确切的错误。 我希望我的消化会有帮助。
我没有研究过整个代码，但是一个问题立即跳出来：
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture);
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_colortex", colorTexture);
纹理采样器的统一值不是纹理ID（又名）。 这是纹理绑定的纹理单元。 因此，在这种情况下，由于您对此纹理使用纹理单元1，因此它应该是：
shaderProgram.setUniform("u_colortex", 1);
问题是当我调用glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);时glDepthMask()被禁用glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT); 。
需要启用它才能使glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)发挥作用。
另外，我还需要以适当的方式添加清洁框架缓冲区。
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