Java: Invalid keystore format, when generated through code

This has been asked a couple of times, but none provide coded test cases. Here I give an example of the problem:

programmatic generation of a Keystore (works)

creation of certificate within that store (works)

saving keystore to disk (works)

listing keystore with keytool (works)

loading the keystore programmatically (fails with IOException: InvalidKeystoreFormat)

What I dont get is that in both save and load, I use KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"), but its failing. Any suggestions welcome!

Runtime output:

Creating private keystore at 'private.keystore'.
Created keystore, now created signer cert
Created signer cert, saving cert
Reloading keystore:
Failed to load the keystore after creation: Invalid keystore format

Test case source:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.SignatureException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import sun.security.x509.X500Name;

public class KeystoreCreator
{
 private String fPrivateKeyStore;
 private String fPrivateKeyStorePassword;
 private String fPrivateKeyStoreKeyPassword;
 private String fPublicKeyCipherPassword;
 private String fPrivateKeyAlias;

 /**
  * @param args
  * @throws Exception 
  */
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
 {
  KeystoreCreator creator = new KeystoreCreator();

  creator.setPrivateKeyStore("private.keystore");
  creator.setPrivateKeyStorePassword("beer123");

  creator.setPrivateKeyAlias("myalias");
  creator.setPrivateKeyStoreKeyPassword("beer123");
  creator.setPublicKeyCipherPassword("beer123");

  creator.initKeyStores();
 }

 public KeystoreCreator()
 {  
 }

 public void setPrivateKeyStore(String name)
 {
  fPrivateKeyStore=name;
 }
 public void setPrivateKeyStorePassword(String pass)
 {
  fPrivateKeyStorePassword=pass;
 }
 public void setPrivateKeyStoreKeyPassword(String pass)
 {
  fPrivateKeyStoreKeyPassword=pass;
 }
 public void setPublicKeyCipherPassword(String pass)
 {
  fPublicKeyCipherPassword=pass;
 }
 public void setPrivateKeyAlias(String alias)
 {
  fPrivateKeyAlias=alias;
 }

    public void initKeyStores() throws Exception
    {
        OutputStream out = null;
        File f=new File(fPrivateKeyStore);
        if (f.exists())
        {
         f.delete();
         if (f.exists())
         {
          throw new IOException("Want to remove the keystore but can't, still reported as present after removal");
         }
        }
        try
        {
         System.out.println("Creating private keystore at '" + fPrivateKeyStore + "'.");
         out = new FileOutputStream(fPrivateKeyStore);
         KeyStore privateKeyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
         privateKeyStore.load(null, fPrivateKeyStorePassword.toCharArray());

         System.out.println("Created keystore, now created signer cert");
         X500Name x500name=getCA();
         Certificate cert = createCertificate(fPrivateKeyAlias, fPrivateKeyStoreKeyPassword, x500name, privateKeyStore);

         System.out.println("Created signer cert, saving cert");
         privateKeyStore.store(out, fPublicKeyCipherPassword.toCharArray());
         out.flush();
         out.close();
         //try to load it.
         KeyStore reloadedKeyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
         try
         {
          InputStream reloadedIs=getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fPrivateKeyStore);
          if (reloadedIs!=null)
          {
           System.out.println("Reloading keystore:");
           reloadedKeyStore.load(reloadedIs, fPrivateKeyStorePassword.toCharArray());
          }
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         {
          System.err.println("Failed to load the keystore after creation: "+e.getLocalizedMessage());
         }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
         System.err.println("Failed to save the keystore: "+e.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
    }

    private X500Name getCA() throws IOException
    {
     return new sun.security.x509.X500Name("a","b", "c","d","e", "GB");
    }

    public Certificate createCertificate( String alias, String keyPassword,
            sun.security.x509.X500Name x500Name, KeyStore keyStore ) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
            InvalidKeyException, CertificateException, SignatureException, NoSuchProviderException,
            KeyStoreException {     
        sun.security.x509.CertAndKeyGen keypair = new sun.security.x509.CertAndKeyGen( "RSA", "MD5WithRSA" );
        keypair.generate( 1024 );
        PrivateKey privKey = keypair.getPrivateKey();
        X509Certificate[] chain = new X509Certificate[1];
        chain[0] = keypair.getSelfCertificate( x500Name, 7000 * 24 * 60 * 60 );
        keyStore.setKeyEntry( alias, privKey, keyPassword.toCharArray(), chain );

        Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate( alias );
        return cert;
    }
}

---

1) You create the private key store in the current working directory, by writing to a file : new FileOutputStream(fPrivateKeyStore);

2) Later, you read from the class path by using getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fPrivateKeyStore);

I think you're reading the wrong files. And there is already another one with the name private.keystore from previous tests. To verify, you may want to print out the absolute file path of both files, eg new File(fPrivateKeyStore).getAbsolutePath() and compare it to getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fPrivateKeyStore).toFileURL();

---

I may be missing something, but why not just re-load the private key store using FileInputStream ?

InputStream reloadedIs = new FileInputStream(fPrivateKeyStore);

(I'm not certain this fixes the problem, I just noticed it while scanning your code)

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