检查逻辑发生在MSIL或机器代码中
我刚刚开始涉足MSIL的奇妙世界,但我似乎无法在这里找到关于边界检查发生的任何答案。 C#编译器是否插入执行边界检查的MSIL指令,或者MSIL JIT编译器是否将所有适用的MSIL指令转换为机器代码时插入它们?
我问的原因是因为我需要知道当我直接使用MSIL生成函数时是否需要添加这些指令。
编辑:收到一个答案并尝试验证后,它似乎是不正确的。 下面的代码实际上失败了。 单步执行调试器会发现第二个测试的写入超出了数组范围,第三个测试的情况更糟糕:
static class ArrayExtensions
{
#if false
public static void ClearRangeReferenceImplementation(byte[] buffer, int offset, int byteCount)
{
for (int current = offset; current < offset + byteCount; ++current)
{
buffer[current] = 0;
}
}
#endif
private static readonly Action<IntPtr, int, int> MemclearRaw = InitMemclearRaw();
private static Action<IntPtr, int, int> InitMemclearRaw()
{
DynamicMethod memclearMethod = new DynamicMethod("Memclear", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Static, CallingConventions.Standard, null, new Type[] { typeof(IntPtr), typeof(int), typeof(int) }, typeof(this), true);
ILGenerator il = memclearMethod.GetILGenerator();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Initblk);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
return (Action<IntPtr, int, int>)memclearMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Action<IntPtr, int, int>));
}
/// <summary>
/// Clears the specified range of the specified buffer in the most optimal manner available without resorting to PInvoke or inline assembly.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer">The buffer to acted upon.</param>
/// <param name="offset">The offset in the buffer where the clearing is to start.</param>
/// <param name="count">The number of bytes to be cleared.</param>
public static void ClearRange(this byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
if (count == 0) return;
GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(buffer, GCHandleType.Pinned);
try
{
MemclearRaw(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), offset, count);
}
finally
{
handle.Free();
}
}
}
[TestClass]
public class TestArrayExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Performs failure tests on <see cref="ArrayExtensions.ClearRange"/>.
/// </summary>
[TestMethod]
public void Array_ClearRangeExceptions()
{
byte[] b = Rand.NewBytes(0, 100);
AssertExceptionClearRange(null, 0, b.Length, typeof(NullReferenceException));
b = Rand.NewBytes(0, 100);
AssertExceptionClearRange(b, 0, b.Length + 1, typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException));
b = Rand.NewBytes(0, 100);
AssertExceptionClearRange(b, 0, -1, typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException));
b = Rand.NewBytes(0, 100);
AssertExceptionClearRange(b, -1, b.Length, typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException));
}
private static void AssertExceptionClearRange(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, Type exceptionType)
{
try
{
ArrayExtensions.ClearRange(buffer, offset, count);
Assert.Fail("ArrayExtensions.ClearRange did not throw the expected exception!");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Assert.AreEqual(exceptionType, ex.GetType());
}
}
看来,MSIL只做空指针检查,而不是边界检查。
我目前正在使用VS2012,并且如果这样做有任何区别,则将其作为.NET Framework 4.5.1的目标。
C#编译器做了很少的优化。
所有的魔法都发生在生成机器码的JIT中。
要回答这个问题,如果你生成类似于C#或VB.NET的代码(如果JIT可以确定这是某种形式的for
循环等),它就可以工作。
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