How do I split a string on a delimiter in Bash?

 

I have this string stored in a variable: 

IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"

Now I would like to split the strings by ; delimiter so that I have: 

ADDR1="bla@some.com"
ADDR2="john@home.com"

I don't necessarily need the ADDR1 and ADDR2 variables. If they are elements of an array that's even better.

After suggestions from the answers below, I ended up with the following which is what I was after: 

#!/usr/bin/env bash

IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"

mails=$(echo $IN | tr ";" "n")

for addr in $mails
do
    echo "> [$addr]"
done

Output: 

> [bla@some.com]
> [john@home.com]

There was a solution involving setting Internal_field_separator (IFS) to ; . I am not sure what happened with that answer, how do you reset IFS back to default?

RE: IFS solution, I tried this and it works, I keep the old IFS and then restore it: 

IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"

OIFS=$IFS
IFS=';'
mails2=$IN
for x in $mails2
do
    echo "> [$x]"
done

IFS=$OIFS

BTW, when I tried 

mails2=($IN)

I only got the first string when printing it in loop, without brackets around $IN it works.

You can set the internal field separator (IFS) variable, and then let it parse into an array. When this happens in a command, then the assignment to IFS only takes place to that single command's environment (to read ). It then parses the input according to the IFS variable value into an array, which we can then iterate over. 

IFS=';' read -ra ADDR <<< "$IN"
for i in "${ADDR[@]}"; do
    # process "$i"
done

It will parse one line of items separated by ; , pushing it into an array. Stuff for processing whole of $IN , each time one line of input separated by ; : 

 while IFS=';' read -ra ADDR; do
      for i in "${ADDR[@]}"; do
          # process "$i"
      done
 done <<< "$IN"

Taken from Bash shell script split array: 

IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"
arrIN=(${IN//;/ })

Explanation:

This construction replaces all occurrences of ';' (the initial // means global replace) in the string IN with ' ' (a single space), then interprets the space-delimited string as an array (that's what the surrounding parentheses do).

The syntax used inside of the curly braces to replace each ';' character with a ' ' character is called Parameter Expansion.

There are some common gotchas:

  • If the original string has spaces, you will need to use IFS:
  • IFS=':'; arrIN=($IN); unset IFS;
  • If the original string has spaces and the delimiter is a new line, you can set IFS with:
  • IFS=$'n'; arrIN=($IN); unset IFS;

    • If you don't mind processing them immediately, I like to do this: 

    for i in $(echo $IN | tr ";" "n")
do
  # process
done

    You could use this kind of loop to initialize an array, but there's probably an easier way to do it. Hope this helps, though.

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