Secret URL authentication with Firebase
I have a client-side web app using Firestore and Cloud Functions.
 I would like to set up rules such that if a user has a secret URL for a document that user is able to write to it, without need any other kind of login or authentication.  Something like (pseudo-code, I just made up request.params.secret_token ):  
service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{database}/documents {
    match /cities/{city} {
      allow read, write: if resource.data.secret_token == request.params.secret_token;
    }
  }
}
I'm confused by the various authentication options available and can't quite reason through the best way forward.
Potential options that feel close:
if a user has a secret URL for a document that user is able to write to it, without need any other kind of login or authentication.
 Simply set your database rules to allow anyone to read and/or write the data at the path specified in the JavaScript on/in that particular webpage.  Maybe simply put the database read or write in a <script> tag after your firebase <script> tag right in that page.  
However, like you said, anyone that visits that page/URL is gonna be able to read and/or write whatever data is in that particular node, or field, or document.
Edit the firestore.rules file like so to enable read write for anyone/all. See Documentation.
service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{database}/documents {
    match /<some_path>/ {
      allow read, write;
    }
  }
}
