如何比较JavaScript中的数组?

我想比较两个阵列...理想,有效。 没有什么花哨,只要它们是相同的就是true ,如果不相同则是false 。 毫不奇怪,比较运算符似乎不起作用。

var a1 = [1,2,3];
var a2 = [1,2,3];
console.log(a1==a2);    // Returns false
console.log(JSON.stringify(a1)==JSON.stringify(a2));    // Returns true

每个数组都有JSON编码,但是有没有更快或更好的方法来简单比较数组而无需遍历每个值?


比较数组,循环遍历它们并比较每个值:

比较数组:

// Warn if overriding existing method
if(Array.prototype.equals)
    console.warn("Overriding existing Array.prototype.equals. Possible causes: New API defines the method, there's a framework conflict or you've got double inclusions in your code.");
// attach the .equals method to Array's prototype to call it on any array
Array.prototype.equals = function (array) {
    // if the other array is a falsy value, return
    if (!array)
        return false;

    // compare lengths - can save a lot of time 
    if (this.length != array.length)
        return false;

    for (var i = 0, l=this.length; i < l; i++) {
        // Check if we have nested arrays
        if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
            // recurse into the nested arrays
            if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
                return false;       
        }           
        else if (this[i] != array[i]) { 
            // Warning - two different object instances will never be equal: {x:20} != {x:20}
            return false;   
        }           
    }       
    return true;
}
// Hide method from for-in loops
Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "equals", {enumerable: false});

用法:

[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 2]]) === false;
[1, "2,3"].equals([1, 2, 3]) === false;
[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 4]]) === true;
[1, 2, 1, 2].equals([1, 2, 1, 2]) === true;

你可以说“但是比较字符串要快得多 - 没有循环......”,那么你应该注意到有循环。 首先将数组转换为字符串的递归循环,然后比较两个字符串。 所以这个方法比使用字符串更快

我相信大量的数据应该总是存储在数组中,而不是存储在对象中。 但是,如果您使用对象,它们也可以进行部分比较。
就是这样:

比较对象:

我已经说过,两个对象实例永远不会相同,即使它们现在包含相同的数据:

({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666}) == ({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666})  //false

这是有原因的,因为可能存在例如对象内的私有变量。

但是,如果您只是使用对象结构来包含数据,则仍然可以进行比较:

Object.prototype.equals = function(object2) {
    //For the first loop, we only check for types
    for (propName in this) {
        //Check for inherited methods and properties - like .equals itself
        //https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/hasOwnProperty
        //Return false if the return value is different
        if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
            return false;
        }
        //Check instance type
        else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
            //Different types => not equal
            return false;
        }
    }
    //Now a deeper check using other objects property names
    for(propName in object2) {
        //We must check instances anyway, there may be a property that only exists in object2
            //I wonder, if remembering the checked values from the first loop would be faster or not 
        if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
            return false;
        }
        else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
            return false;
        }
        //If the property is inherited, do not check any more (it must be equa if both objects inherit it)
        if(!this.hasOwnProperty(propName))
          continue;

        //Now the detail check and recursion

        //This returns the script back to the array comparing
        /**REQUIRES Array.equals**/
        if (this[propName] instanceof Array && object2[propName] instanceof Array) {
                   // recurse into the nested arrays
           if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
                        return false;
        }
        else if (this[propName] instanceof Object && object2[propName] instanceof Object) {
                   // recurse into another objects
                   //console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named ""+propName+""");
           if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
                        return false;
        }
        //Normal value comparison for strings and numbers
        else if(this[propName] != object2[propName]) {
           return false;
        }
    }
    //If everything passed, let's say YES
    return true;
}  

但是,请记住,这是为了比较类似JSON的数据,而不是类实例和其他内容。 如果你想比较复杂的对象,看看这个答案,这是超长的功能。
要使用Array.equals工作,您必须稍微编辑原始函数:

...
    // Check if we have nested arrays
    if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
        // recurse into the nested arrays
        if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
            return false;
    }
    /**REQUIRES OBJECT COMPARE**/
    else if (this[i] instanceof Object && array[i] instanceof Object) {
        // recurse into another objects
        //console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named ""+propName+""");
        if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
            return false;
        }
    else if (this[i] != array[i]) {
...

我为这两个功能做了一个小测试工具。

奖金:与indexOfcontains嵌套数组

Samy Bencherif为您在嵌套数组中搜索特定对象的情况准备了有用的函数,这些数据可在此处找到:https://jsfiddle.net/SamyBencherif/8352y6yw/


虽然这只适用于标量数组,但它很简短:

a1.length==a2.length && a1.every(function(v,i) { return v === a2[i]})

或者,在带有箭头函数的ECMAScript 6 / CoffeeScript / TypeScript中:

a1.length==a2.length && a1.every((v,i)=> v === a2[i])

我喜欢在Underscore和Lodash中使用Underscore库进行数组/对象重编码项目...无论您是比较数组还是对象,它们看起来都像这样:

_.isEqual(array1, array2)   // returns a boolean
_.isEqual(object1, object2) // returns a boolean
  • 下划线isEqual文档
  • Lodash isEqual文档
  • 链接地址: http://www.djcxy.com/p/4367.html

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