startsWith() and endsWith() functions in PHP
How can I write two functions that would take a string and return if it starts with the specified character/string or ends with it?
For example:
$str = '|apples}';
echo startsWith($str, '|'); //Returns true
echo endsWith($str, '}'); //Returns true
function startsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
$length = strlen($needle);
return (substr($haystack, 0, $length) === $needle);
}
function endsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
$length = strlen($needle);
return $length === 0 ||
(substr($haystack, -$length) === $needle);
}
如果你不想使用正则表达式,请使用它。
It is possible to use strrpos
and strpos
to check start-with and ends-with respectively.
Note that using strrpos
to check starts with and strpos
to check ends with will return as soon as possible instead of checking the whole string till the end. Also, this solution does not create a temporary string. Consider explaining the reason before downvoting. Just because a f-wit at the DWTF doesn't understand how this function works or thinks there is only one solution doesn't mean this answer is wrong.
function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
// search backwards starting from haystack length characters from the end
return $needle === "" || strrpos($haystack, $needle, -strlen($haystack)) !== false;
}
function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
// search forward starting from end minus needle length characters
return $needle === "" || (($temp = strlen($haystack) - strlen($needle)) >= 0 && strpos($haystack, $needle, $temp) !== false);
}
Tests and results (compare with this):
startsWith("abcdef", "ab") -> true
startsWith("abcdef", "cd") -> false
startsWith("abcdef", "ef") -> false
startsWith("abcdef", "") -> true
startsWith("", "abcdef") -> false
endsWith("abcdef", "ab") -> false
endsWith("abcdef", "cd") -> false
endsWith("abcdef", "ef") -> true
endsWith("abcdef", "") -> true
endsWith("", "abcdef") -> false
Note: the strncmp
and substr_compare
functions will outperform this function.
Updated 23-Aug-2016
Functions
function substr_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)) === $needle;
}
function preg_match_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return preg_match('~' . preg_quote($needle, '~') . '~A', $haystack) > 0;
}
function substr_compare_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return substr_compare($haystack, $needle, 0, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}
function strpos_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0;
}
function strncmp_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}
function strncmp_startswith2($haystack, $needle) {
return $haystack[0] === $needle[0]
? strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0
: false;
}
Tests
echo 'generating tests';
for($i = 0; $i < 100000; ++$i) {
if($i % 2500 === 0) echo '.';
$test_cases[] = [
random_bytes(random_int(1, 7000)),
random_bytes(random_int(1, 3000)),
];
}
echo "done!n";
$functions = ['substr_startswith', 'preg_match_startswith', 'substr_compare_startswith', 'strpos_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith2'];
$results = [];
foreach($functions as $func) {
$start = microtime(true);
foreach($test_cases as $tc) {
$func(...$tc);
}
$results[$func] = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;
}
asort($results);
foreach($results as $func => $time) {
echo "$func: " . number_format($time, 1) . " msn";
}
Results (PHP 7.0.9)
(Sorted fastest to slowest)
strncmp_startswith2: 40.2 ms
strncmp_startswith: 42.9 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 44.5 ms
substr_startswith: 48.4 ms
strpos_startswith: 138.7 ms
preg_match_startswith: 13,152.4 ms
Results (PHP 5.3.29)
(Sorted fastest to slowest)
strncmp_startswith2: 477.9 ms
strpos_startswith: 522.1 ms
strncmp_startswith: 617.1 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 706.7 ms
substr_startswith: 756.8 ms
preg_match_startswith: 10,200.0 ms
startswith_benchmark.php
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