使用HttpClient通过HTTPS信任所有证书
最近通过https发布了一个关于HttpClient的问题（在这里找到）。 我取得了一些进展，但我遇到了新的问题。 和我最后一个问题一样，我似乎无法在任何地方找到适合我的例子。 基本上，我希望我的客户端接受任何证书（因为我只是指向一台服务器），但我不断收到javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Not trusted server certificate exception.
所以这就是我所拥有的：
public void connect() throws A_WHOLE_BUNCH_OF_EXCEPTIONS {
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(new URI(PROD_URL));
post.setEntity(new StringEntity(BODY));
KeyStore trusted = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
trusted.load(null, "".toCharArray());
SSLSocketFactory sslf = new SSLSocketFactory(trusted);
sslf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme ("https", sslf, 443));
SingleClientConnManager cm = new SingleClientConnManager(post.getParams(),
schemeRegistry);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(cm, post.getParams());
HttpResponse result = client.execute(post);
}
这是我得到的错误：
W/System.err( 901): javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Not trusted server certificate
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.OpenSSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(OpenSSLSocketImpl.java:360)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AbstractVerifier.verify(AbstractVerifier.java:92)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.connectSocket(SSLSocketFactory.java:321)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnectionOperator.openConnection(DefaultClientConnectionOperator.java:129)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPoolEntry.open(AbstractPoolEntry.java:164)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPooledConnAdapter.open(AbstractPooledConnAdapter.java:119)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.execute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:348)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:555)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:487)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:465)
W/System.err( 901): at me.harrisonlee.test.ssl.MainActivity.connect(MainActivity.java:129)
W/System.err( 901): at me.harrisonlee.test.ssl.MainActivity.access$0(MainActivity.java:77)
W/System.err( 901): at me.harrisonlee.test.ssl.MainActivity$2.run(MainActivity.java:49)
W/System.err( 901): Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: the trust anchors set is empty
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(TrustManagerImpl.java:157)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.OpenSSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(OpenSSLSocketImpl.java:355)
W/System.err( 901): ... 12 more
W/System.err( 901): Caused by: java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: the trust anchors set is empty
W/System.err( 901): at java.security.cert.PKIXParameters.checkTrustAnchors(PKIXParameters.java:645)
W/System.err( 901): at java.security.cert.PKIXParameters.<init>(PKIXParameters.java:89)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.TrustManagerImpl.<init>(TrustManagerImpl.java:89)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.TrustManagerFactoryImpl.engineGetTrustManagers(TrustManagerFactoryImpl.java:134)
W/System.err( 901): at javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(TrustManagerFactory.java:226)W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.createTrustManagers(SSLSocketFactory.java:263)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.<init>(SSLSocketFactory.java:190)
W/System.err( 901): at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.<init>(SSLSocketFactory.java:216)
W/System.err( 901): at me.harrisonlee.test.ssl.MainActivity.connect(MainActivity.java:107)
W/System.err( 901): ... 2 more
注意：不要在您不完全信任的网络上使用的生产代码中实施此功能。 特别是通过公共互联网的任何事情。
你的问题正是我想知道的。 在我做了一些搜索之后，结论如下。
在HttpClient方式中，您应该从org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory创建一个自定义类，而不是一个org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory本身。 一些线索可以在这篇文章中找到自定义SSL处理停止在Android 2.2 FroYo上工作。
一个例子是...
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
public class MySSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
public MySSLSocketFactory(KeyStore truststore) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException, KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
super(truststore);
TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
}
}
并在创建HttpClient的实例时使用这个类。
public HttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
trustStore.load(null, null);
MySSLSocketFactory sf = new MySSLSocketFactory(trustStore);
sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, HTTP.UTF_8);
SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
registry.register(new Scheme("https", sf, 443));
ClientConnectionManager ccm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, registry);
return new DefaultHttpClient(ccm, params);
} catch (Exception e) {
return new DefaultHttpClient();
}
}
顺便说一句，下面的链接是为寻找HttpURLConnection解决方案的人。 Https连接Android
我已经在froyo上测试了上述两种解决方案，并且他们在我的案例中都像魅力一样工作。 最后，使用HttpURLConnection可能会面临重定向问题，但这超出了主题。
注意：在您决定信任所有证书之前，您可能应该充分了解该网站，并且不会对最终用户造成危害。
事实上，您应该仔细考虑您所承担的风险，包括我深深感谢的以下评论中提到的黑客模拟网站的影响。 在某些情况下，虽然可能很难照顾所有证书，但您最好知道信任所有证书的隐含缺陷。
您基本上有四种可能的解决方案来修复Android上使用httpclient的“不受信任”异常：
这个答案使用了解决方案＃4，这在我看来是最强大的。
解决方案是使用可以接受多个KeyStore的SSLSocketFactory，从而允许您为自己的KeyStore提供您自己的证书。 这使您可以加载其他顶级证书，例如某些Android设备上可能缺少的Thawte。 它还允许您加载自己的自签名证书。 它将首先使用内置的默认设备证书，并且仅在必要时才会退回附加证书。
首先，您需要确定您的KeyStore中缺少哪个证书。 运行以下命令：
openssl s_client -connect www.yourserver.com:443
你会看到如下输出：
Certificate chain
0 s:/O=www.yourserver.com/OU=Go to
https://www.thawte.com/repository/index.html/OU=Thawte SSL123
certificate/OU=Domain Validated/CN=www.yourserver.com
i:/C=US/O=Thawte, Inc./OU=Domain Validated SSL/CN=Thawte DV SSL CA
1 s:/C=US/O=Thawte, Inc./OU=Domain Validated SSL/CN=Thawte DV SSL CA
i:/C=US/O=thawte, Inc./OU=Certification Services Division/OU=(c)
2006 thawte, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=thawte Primary Root CA
如您所见，我们的根证书来自Thawte。 转到您的提供商网站并找到相应的证书。 对我们来说，它就在这里，你可以看到我们需要的是2006版权。
如果您使用的是自签名证书，则您不必执行上一步，因为您已经拥有签名证书。
然后，创建一个包含缺失签名证书的密钥库文件。 Crazybob详细说明了如何在Android上做到这一点，但想法是做到以下几点：
如果您还没有它，请从http://www.bouncycastle.org/latest_releases.html下载弹性城堡提供程序库。 这将在下面的类路径中进行。
运行命令从服务器提取证书并创建一个pem文件。 在这种情况下，mycert.pem。
echo | openssl s_client -connect ${MY_SERVER}:443 2>&1 |
sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > mycert.pem
然后运行以下命令来创建密钥库。
export CLASSPATH=/path/to/bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk15on-155.jar
CERTSTORE=res/raw/mystore.bks
if [ -a $CERTSTORE ]; then
rm $CERTSTORE || exit 1
fi
keytool
-import
-v
-trustcacerts
-alias 0
-file <(openssl x509 -in mycert.pem)
-keystore $CERTSTORE
-storetype BKS
-provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider
-providerpath /path/to/bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk15on-155.jar
-storepass some-password
您会注意到上面的脚本将结果放在res/raw/mystore.bks 。 现在你有一个文件，你将加载到你的Android应用程序中，提供缺失的证书。
为此，请为SSL方案注册您的SSLSocketFactory：
final SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", createAdditionalCertsSSLSocketFactory(), 443));
// and then however you create your connection manager, I use ThreadSafeClientConnManager
final HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
...
final ThreadSafeClientConnManager cm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params,schemeRegistry);
要创建您的SSLSocketFactory：
protected org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory createAdditionalCertsSSLSocketFactory() {
try {
final KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
// the bks file we generated above
final InputStream in = context.getResources().openRawResource( R.raw.mystore);
try {
// don't forget to put the password used above in strings.xml/mystore_password
ks.load(in, context.getString( R.string.mystore_password ).toCharArray());
} finally {
in.close();
}
return new AdditionalKeyStoresSSLSocketFactory(ks);
} catch( Exception e ) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
最后，AdditionalKeyStoresSSLSocketFactory代码接受您的新KeyStore并检查内置KeyStore是否无法验证SSL证书：
/**
* Allows you to trust certificates from additional KeyStores in addition to
* the default KeyStore
*/
public class AdditionalKeyStoresSSLSocketFactory extends SSLSocketFactory {
protected SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
public AdditionalKeyStoresSSLSocketFactory(KeyStore keyStore) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException, KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
super(null, null, null, null, null, null);
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new AdditionalKeyStoresTrustManager(keyStore)}, null);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port, boolean autoClose) throws IOException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
}
@Override
public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
return sslContext.getSocketFactory().createSocket();
}
/**
* Based on http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#X509TrustManager
*/
public static class AdditionalKeyStoresTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
protected ArrayList<X509TrustManager> x509TrustManagers = new ArrayList<X509TrustManager>();
protected AdditionalKeyStoresTrustManager(KeyStore... additionalkeyStores) {
final ArrayList<TrustManagerFactory> factories = new ArrayList<TrustManagerFactory>();
try {
// The default Trustmanager with default keystore
final TrustManagerFactory original = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
original.init((KeyStore) null);
factories.add(original);
for( KeyStore keyStore : additionalkeyStores ) {
final TrustManagerFactory additionalCerts = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
additionalCerts.init(keyStore);
factories.add(additionalCerts);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
/*
* Iterate over the returned trustmanagers, and hold on
* to any that are X509TrustManagers
*/
for (TrustManagerFactory tmf : factories)
for( TrustManager tm : tmf.getTrustManagers() )
if (tm instanceof X509TrustManager)
x509TrustManagers.add( (X509TrustManager)tm );
if( x509TrustManagers.size()==0 )
throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find any X509TrustManagers");
}
/*
* Delegate to the default trust manager.
*/
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
final X509TrustManager defaultX509TrustManager = x509TrustManagers.get(0);
defaultX509TrustManager.checkClientTrusted(chain, authType);
}
/*
* Loop over the trustmanagers until we find one that accepts our server
*/
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
for( X509TrustManager tm : x509TrustManagers ) {
try {
tm.checkServerTrusted(chain,authType);
return;
} catch( CertificateException e ) {
// ignore
}
}
throw new CertificateException();
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
final ArrayList<X509Certificate> list = new ArrayList<X509Certificate>();
for( X509TrustManager tm : x509TrustManagers )
list.addAll(Arrays.asList(tm.getAcceptedIssuers()));
return list.toArray(new X509Certificate[list.size()]);
}
}
}
在HttpsURLConnection之前添加此代码并完成。 我知道了。
private void trustEveryone() {
try {
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier(){
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}});
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
context.init(null, new X509TrustManager[]{new X509TrustManager(){
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
String authType) throws CertificateException {}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}}}, new SecureRandom());
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(
context.getSocketFactory());
} catch (Exception e) { // should never happen
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
我希望这可以帮助你。
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