Commonly accepted best practices around code organization in JavaScript
As JavaScript frameworks like jQuery make client side web applications richer and more functional, I've started to notice one problem...
How in the world do you keep this organized?
I mention jQuery, but it's really any JavaScript code in general. I'm finding that as lines upon lines begin to pile up, it gets harder to manage the script files or find what you are looking for. Quite possibly the biggest propblems I've found is there are so many ways to do the same thing, it's hard to know which one is the current commonly accepted best practice.
Are there any general recommendations on the best way to keep your .js files as nice and neat as the rest of your application? Or is this just a matter of IDE? Is there a better option out there?
EDIT
This question was intended to be more about code organization and not file organization. There has been some really good examples of merging files or splitting content around.
My question is: what is the current commonly accepted best practice way to organize your actual code? What is your way, or even a recommended way to interact with page elements and create reuseable code that doesn't conflict with each other?
Some people have listed namespaces which is a good idea. What are some other ways, more specifically dealing with elements on the page and keeping the code organized and neat?
It would be a lot nicer if javascript had namespaces built in, but I find that organizing things like Dustin Diaz describes here helps me a lot.
var DED = (function() {
var private_var;
function private_method()
{
// do stuff here
}
return {
method_1 : function()
{
// do stuff here
},
method_2 : function()
{
// do stuff here
}
};
})();
I put different "namespaces" and sometimes individual classes in separate files. Usually I start with one file and as a class or namespace gets big enough to warrant it, I separate it out into its own file. Using a tool to combine all you files for production is an excellent idea as well.
I try to avoid including any javascript with the HTML. All the code is encapsulated into classes and each class is in its own file. For development, I have separate <script> tags to include each js file, but they get merged into a single larger package for production to reduce the overhead of the HTTP requests.
Typically, I'll have a single 'main' js file for each application. So, if I was writing a "survey" application, i would have a js file called "survey.js". This would contain the entry point into the jQuery code. I create jQuery references during instantiation and then pass them into my objects as parameters. This means that the javascript classes are 'pure' and don't contain any references to CSS ids or classnames.
// file: survey.js
$(document).ready(function() {
var jS = $('#surveycontainer');
var jB = $('#dimscreencontainer');
var d = new DimScreen({container: jB});
var s = new Survey({container: jS, DimScreen: d});
s.show();
});
I also find naming convention to be important for readability. For example: I prepend 'j' to all jQuery instances.
In the above example, there is a class called DimScreen. (Assume this dims the screen and pops up an alert box.) It needs a div element that it can enlarge to cover the screen, and then add an alert box, so I pass in a jQuery object. jQuery has a plug-in concept, but it seemed limiting (eg instances are not persistent and cannot be accessed) with no real upside. So the DimScreen class would be a standard javascript class that just happens to use jQuery.
// file: dimscreen.js
function DimScreen(opts) {
this.jB = opts.container;
// ...
}; // need the semi-colon for minimizing!
DimScreen.prototype.draw = function(msg) {
var me = this;
me.jB.addClass('fullscreen').append('<div>'+msg+'</div>');
//...
};
I've built some fairly complex appliations using this approach.
您可以将脚本分成单独的文件进行开发，然后创建一个“发布”版本，将所有脚本塞到一起并运行YUI Compressor或类似的东西。
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