List of ANSI color escape sequences
On most terminals (with the exception of Windows' cmd.exe, of course) it is possible to colorize output using the 33 ANSI escape sequence.
Now I'm looking for a list of all supported colors and options (like bright and blinking).
As there are probably some differences between the terminals supporting them: I'm mainly interested in those sequences supported by xterm-compatible terminals.
The ANSI escape sequences you're looking for are the Select Graphic Rendition subset. All of these have the form
33[XXXm
where XXX is a series of semicolon-separated parameters.
To say, make text red, bold, and underlined (we'll discuss many other options below) in C you might write:
printf(" 33[31;1;4mHello 33[0m");
In C++ you'd use
std::cout<<" 33[31;1;4mHello 33[0m";
In Python3 you'd use
print(" 33[31;1;4mHello 33[0m")
and in Bash you'd use
echo -e " 33[31;1;4mHello 33[0m"
where the first part makes the text red ( 31 ), bold ( 1 ), underlined ( 4 ) and the last part clears all this ( 0 ).
As described in the table below, there are a large number of text properties you can set, such as boldness, font, underlining, &c. (Isn't it silly that StackOverflow doesn't allow you to put proper tables in answers?)
Font Effects
╔══════════╦════════════════════════════════╦═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Code ║ Effect ║ Note ║
╠══════════╬════════════════════════════════╬═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ 0 ║ Reset / Normal ║ all attributes off ║
║ 1 ║ Bold or increased intensity ║ ║
║ 2 ║ Faint (decreased intensity) ║ Not widely supported. ║
║ 3 ║ Italic ║ Not widely supported. Sometimes treated as inverse. ║
║ 4 ║ Underline ║ ║
║ 5 ║ Slow Blink ║ less than 150 per minute ║
║ 6 ║ Rapid Blink ║ MS-DOS ANSI.SYS; 150+ per minute; not widely supported ║
║ 7 ║ [[reverse video]] ║ swap foreground and background colors ║
║ 8 ║ Conceal ║ Not widely supported. ║
║ 9 ║ Crossed-out ║ Characters legible, but marked for deletion. Not widely supported. ║
║ 10 ║ Primary(default) font ║ ║
║ 11–19 ║ Alternate font ║ Select alternate font `n-10` ║
║ 20 ║ Fraktur ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 21 ║ Bold off or Double Underline ║ Bold off not widely supported; double underline hardly ever supported. ║
║ 22 ║ Normal color or intensity ║ Neither bold nor faint ║
║ 23 ║ Not italic, not Fraktur ║ ║
║ 24 ║ Underline off ║ Not singly or doubly underlined ║
║ 25 ║ Blink off ║ ║
║ 27 ║ Inverse off ║ ║
║ 28 ║ Reveal ║ conceal off ║
║ 29 ║ Not crossed out ║ ║
║ 30–37 ║ Set foreground color ║ See color table below ║
║ 38 ║ Set foreground color ║ Next arguments are `5;n` or `2;r;g;b`, see below ║
║ 39 ║ Default foreground color ║ implementation defined (according to standard) ║
║ 40–47 ║ Set background color ║ See color table below ║
║ 48 ║ Set background color ║ Next arguments are `5;n` or `2;r;g;b`, see below ║
║ 49 ║ Default background color ║ implementation defined (according to standard) ║
║ 51 ║ Framed ║ ║
║ 52 ║ Encircled ║ ║
║ 53 ║ Overlined ║ ║
║ 54 ║ Not framed or encircled ║ ║
║ 55 ║ Not overlined ║ ║
║ 60 ║ ideogram underline ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 61 ║ ideogram double underline ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 62 ║ ideogram overline ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 63 ║ ideogram double overline ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 64 ║ ideogram stress marking ║ hardly ever supported ║
║ 65 ║ ideogram attributes off ║ reset the effects of all of 60-64 ║
║ 90–97 ║ Set bright foreground color ║ aixterm (not in standard) ║
║ 100–107 ║ Set bright background color ║ aixterm (not in standard) ║
╚══════════╩════════════════════════════════╩═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
2-bit Colours
You've got this already!
4-bit Colours
The standards implementing terminal colours began with limited (4-bit) options. The table below lists the RGB values of the background and foreground colours used for these by a variety of terminal emulators:
Using the above, you can make red text on a green background (but why?) using:
33[31;42m
11 Colours (An Interlude)
In their book "Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution", Brent Berlin and Paul Kay used data collected from twenty different languages from a range of language families to identify eleven possible basic color categories: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, and gray.
Berlin and Kay found that, in languages with fewer than the maximum eleven color categories, the colors followed a specific evolutionary pattern. This pattern is as follows:
This may be why story Beowulf only contains the colours black, white, and red. It may also be why the Bible does not contain the colour blue. Homer's Odyssey contains black almost 200 times and white about 100 times. Red appears 15 times, while yellow and green appear only 10 times. (More information here)
Differences between languages are also interesting: note the profusion of distinct colour words used by English vs. Chinese. However, digging deeper into these languages shows that each uses colour in distinct ways. (More information)
Generally speaking, the naming, use, and grouping of colours in human languages is fascinating. Now, back to the show.
8-bit (256) colours
Technology advanced, and tables of 256 pre-selected colours became available, as shown below.
Using these above, you can make pink text like so:
33[38;5;206m #That is, 33[38;5;<FG COLOR>m
And make an early-morning blue background using
33[48;5;57m #That is, 33[48;5;<BG COLOR>m
And, of course, you can combine these:
33[38;5;206;48;5;57m
The 8-bit colours are arranged like so:
0x00-0x07: standard colors (same as the 4-bit colours)
0x08-0x0F: high intensity colors
0x10-0xE7: 6 × 6 × 6 cube (216 colors): 16 + 36 × r + 6 × g + b (0 ≤ r, g, b ≤ 5)
0xE8-0xFF: grayscale from black to white in 24 steps
ALL THE COLOURS
Now we are living in the future, and the full RGB spectrum is available using:
33[38;2;<r>;<g>;<b>m #Select RGB foreground color
33[48;2;<r>;<g>;<b>m #Select RGB background color
So you can put pinkish text on a brownish background using
33[38;2;255;82;197;48;2;155;106;0mHello
Support for "true color" terminals is listed here.
Much of the above is drawn from the Wikipedia page "ANSI escape code".
This page has a great summary:
ANSI Escape sequences
How about:
ECMA-48 - Control Functions for Coded Character Sets, 5th edition (June 1991) - A standard defining the color control codes, that is apparently supported also by xterm.
SGR 38 and 48 were originally reserved by ECMA-48, but were fleshed out a few years later in a joint ITU, IEC, and ISO standard, which comes in several parts and which (amongst a whole lot of other things) documents the SGR 38/48 control sequences for direct colour and indexed colour:
There's a column for xterm in this table on the Wikipedia page for ANSI escape codes
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