MySQL: Large VARCHAR vs. TEXT?
I've got a messages table in MySQL which records messages between users. Apart from the typical ids and message types (all integer types) I need to save the actual message text as either VARCHAR or TEXT. I'm setting a front-end limit of 3000 characters which means the messages would never be inserted into the db as longer than this.
Is there a rationale for going with either VARCHAR(3000) or TEXT? There's something about just writing VARCHAR(3000) that feels somewhat counter-intuitive. I've been through other similar posts on Stack Overflow but would be good to get views specific to this type of common message storing.
TEXT and BLOB is stored off the table with the table just having a pointer to the location of the actual storage.
VARCHAR is stored inline with the table. VARCHAR is faster when the size is reasonable, the tradeoff of which would be faster depends upon your data and your hardware, you'd want to benchmark a realworld scenario with your data.
Can you predict how long the user input would be?
VARCHAR(X)
Case: user name, email, country, subject, password
TEXT
Case: messages, emails, comments, formatted text, html, code, images, links
MEDIUMTEXT
Case: large json bodies, short to medium length books, csv strings
LONGTEXT
Case: textbooks, programs, years of logs files, harry potter and the goblet of fire, scientific research logging
Just to clarify the best practice:
Text format messages should almost always be stored as TEXT (they end up being arbitrarily long)
String attributes should be stored as VARCHAR (the destination user name, the subject, etc...).
I understand that you've got a front end limit, which is great until it isn't. *grin* The trick is to think of the DB as separate from the applications that connect to it. Just because one application puts a limit on the data, doesn't mean that the data is intrinsically limited.
What is it about the messages themselves that forces them to never be more then 3000 characters? If it's just an arbitrary application constraint (say, for a text box or something), use a TEXT field at the data layer.
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