由“var”全局定义的变量的范围是什么?

在Javascript中,如果我在函数外部使用JavaScript声明变量

var foo = 1;
var bar = 2;

function someFunction() {
    ....
}

是文档或窗口范围内的变量吗? 此外,为什么这很重要? 我知道如果一个变量没有var声明,那么这个变量是全局变量。

有没有简单的方法来测试一个变量是否属于文档或窗口的范围?


var foo = 1;

window.foo === foo;

JavaScript是一种功能性语言,因此在函数范围内声明的任何变量只能在该函数中使用。

JS实际上会遍历每个函数范围并寻找一个声明的变量。

function setGlobal() {
    bar = 1; // gets set as window.bar because setGlobal does not define it
}
setGlobal();

// logs true and 1
console.log(window.bar === bar, bar); ​

http://jsfiddle.net/kXjrF/

所以...

function logGlobal() {
    var bar;
    console.log( foo, window.foo ) // undefined, undefined
    function setGlobal() {
        // window.foo is now set because logGlobal did not define foo
        foo = 1;  
        bar = 2; // logGlobal's bar not window.bar
        function makePrivate() {
           var foo = 3; // local foo
           console.log( foo ); // logs 3
        }
        makePrivate(); // logs 3
    }
    setGlobal();
    console.log( foo, window.foo ); // logs 1, 1

}

var将变量的范围限制为它所定义的函数,因此在顶层使用var定义的变量将实际上具有全局范围。

如果你给一个没有用var作用域的变量赋值,那么无论你在哪里定义它,它都会变成全局变量。

这里有一篇关于javascript范围的好文章:JavaScript中变量的范围是什么?


当你在JavaScript中声明一个函数时,它会创建一个范围。

当你声明一个变量,它必须有一个var 。 该var决定了它属于哪个范围以及它在哪里可见。 如果它没有var ,那么它是一个变量的“赋值”,并且浏览器假定具有该名称的变量存在于外部作用域中。

当分配发生时,浏览器向外搜索,直到达到全局范围。 如果浏览器在全局范围内没有看到分配的变量,它将在全局范围内声明它(这不好)

例如,将以下内容作为范围可见性的演示,而不是实际的工作功能:

//global variables
var w = 20
var x = 10

function  foo(){
    function bar(){

        //we assign x. since it's not declared with var
        //the browser looks for x in the outer scopes
        x = 0;

        function baz(){

            //we can still see and edit x here, turning it from 0 to 1
            x = 1;

            //redeclaring a variable makes it a local variable
            //it does not affect the variable of the same name outside
            //therefore within baz, w is 13 but outside, it's still 20
            var w = 13;

            //declaring y inside here, it does not exist in the outer scopes
            //therefore y only exists in baz
            var y = 2;

            //failing to use var makes the browser look for the variable outside
            //if there is none, the browser declares it as a global                
            z = 3;
        }
    }
}

//w = 20         - since the w inside was "redeclared" inside 
//x = 1          - changed since all x operations were assigments
//y = undefined  - never existed in the outside 
//z = 3          - was turned into a global
链接地址: http://www.djcxy.com/p/59083.html

上一篇: What scope are variables globally defined by "var"?

下一篇: Iterating through an array while performing a request for each entry