How to find path of exact length in graph
I would like to find path of fixed length (given while running the program) in undirected graph. I'm using adjacency matrix of my graph.
I tried to use some algorithms like DFS or A*, but they only return the shortest path.
Nodes can't be visited again.
So let's say that my graph have 9 nodes and the shortest path is built from 4 nodes.
I want to have additional variable that will "tell" the algorithm that I want to find path which have 7 nodes (for example) and it will return nodes which are included in my expected path {1,2,4,5,6,7,8}.
Of course, if there is no solution for path that I want, it will return nothing (or it will return path close to my expactations, let's say 19 instead of 20).
Someone told be about DFS with backtracking, but I don't know anything about it.
Could someone explain how to use DFS with backtracking or recommend some other algorithms to solve that problem?
Backtracking indeed seems like a reasonable solution. The idea is to recursively find a path of the required length.
Psuedo code:
DFS(depth,v,path):
if (depth == 0 && v is target): //stop clause for successful branch
print path
return
if (depth == 0): //stop clause for non successful branch
return
for each vertex u such that (v,u) is an edge:
path.append(v) //add the current vertex to the path
DFS(depth-1,u,path) //recursively check all paths for of shorter depth
path.removeLast() // clean up environment
The above algorithm will generate all paths of required depth.
invokation with DFS(depth,source,[])
(where []
is an empty list).
Note:
visited
set, and add each vertex when you append it to the found path, and remove it when you remove it from the path. The problem as stated is NP-complete. Yo can trivially solve Hamiltonian Cycle Problem, given an efficient algorithm for solving Your problem.
Therefore, no polynomnial time solution exists (unless P=NP). For an exhaustive search, exponential time solution, check @amit's answer.
A single dfs ought to be sufficient:
void dfs(int start, int hops)
{
if(hops == k && start == t)
{
path++;
return;
}
else if(hops >= k)
return;
for(int w = 1; w <= n; w++)
if(routes[start][w])
dfs(w, hops + 1);
}
Here, k is the length of the path and routes[][] is the adjacency matrix of the graph. path is a global variable. This can account for cycles - it takes into account ALL paths of a given length. From main, call
path = 0;
dfs(source, k);
cout<<path;
Note that the number of nodes is one more than the number of hops. Also note that if the length the path is huge, this function stacks up quickly. No pun intended.
链接地址: http://www.djcxy.com/p/63500.html上一篇: 没有交叉路径
下一篇: 如何在图中找到确切长度的路径