MySQL change type of foreign key

I am using MySQL and I have a table with an index that is used as a foreign key in many other tables. I want to change the data type of the index (from signed to unsigned integer) , what is the best way to do this?

I tried altering the data type on the index field, but that fails because it is being used as a foreign key for other tables. I tried altering the data type on one of the foreign keys, but that failed because it didn't match the data type of the index.

I suppose that I could manually drop all of the foreign key constraints, change the data types and add the constraints back, but this would be a lot of work because I have a lot of tables using this index as a foreign key. Is there a way to turn off foreign key constraints temporarily while making a change? Also, is there a way to get a list of all the fields referencing the index as a foreign key?

Update: I tried modifying the one foreign key after turning off foreign key checks, but it doesn't seem to be turning off the checks:

SET foreign_key_checks = 0;

ALTER TABLE `escolaterrafir`.`t23_aluno` MODIFY COLUMN `a21_saida_id` INTEGER DEFAULT NULL;

Here's the error:

------------------------
LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR
------------------------
090506 11:57:34 Error in foreign key constraint of table escolaterrafir/t23_aluno:
there is no index in the table which would contain
the columns as the first columns, or the data types in the
table do not match to the ones in the referenced table
or one of the ON ... SET NULL columns is declared NOT NULL. Constraint:
,
  CONSTRAINT FK_t23_aluno_8 FOREIGN KEY (a21_saida_id) REFERENCES t21_turma (A21_ID)

Definition of the index table:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `escolaterrafir`.`t21_turma`;
CREATE TABLE  `escolaterrafir`.`t21_turma` (
  `A21_ID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  ...
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=51 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

and the table that has the foreign key that points to it:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `escolaterrafir`.`t23_aluno`;
CREATE TABLE  `escolaterrafir`.`t23_aluno` (
  ...
  `a21_saida_id` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
  ...
  KEY `Index_7` (`a23_id_pedagogica`),
  ...
  CONSTRAINT `FK_t23_aluno_8` FOREIGN KEY (`a21_saida_id`) REFERENCES `t21_turma` (`A21_ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=387 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

---

To answer my own question, I could not discover a simpler way to do this. I ended up dropping all the foreign key constraints, changing the field types and then adding all the foreign key constraints back.

As R. Bemrose noted, using SET foreign_key_checks = 0; only helps when adding or changing data, but doesn't allow ALTER TABLE commands that would break foreign key constraints.

---

Here is my small contribution to this thread. Thanks to Daniel Schneller for inspiration and giving me a huge part of the solution!

set group_concat_max_len = 2048;
set @table_name = "YourTableName";
set @change = "bigint unsigned";
select distinct table_name,
       column_name,
       constraint_name,
       referenced_table_name,
       referenced_column_name,
       CONCAT(
           GROUP_CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',table_name,' DROP FOREIGN KEY ',constraint_name SEPARATOR ';'),
           ';',
           GROUP_CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',table_name,'` CHANGE `',column_name,'` `',column_name,'` ',@change SEPARATOR ';'),
           ';',
           CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',@table_name,'` CHANGE `id` `id` ',@change),
           ';',
           GROUP_CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `',table_name,'` ADD CONSTRAINT `',constraint_name,'` FOREIGN KEY(',column_name,') REFERENCES ',referenced_table_name,'(',referenced_column_name,')' SEPARATOR ';')
       ) as query
from   key_column_usage
where  referenced_table_name is not null
   and referenced_column_name is not null
   and referenced_table_name = @table_name
group by referenced_table_name

By setting @table_name and @change you can generate a query. @table_name should be a table name of the table with the primary key (it will look for the tables that uses that column as a foreign key) and change its type to @change.

I had to change a few tables like that, so that worked like a charm. I just had to change @table_name and then perform a query.

---

To find out about the use of foreign key constraints, issue the following query on the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database:

select distinct table_name, 
       column_name, 
       constraint_name,  
       referenced_table_name, 
       referenced_column_name 
from   key_column_usage 
where  constraint_schema = 'XXX' 
   and referenced_table_name is not null 
   and referenced_column_name is not null;

Replace XXX with your schema name. This will give you a list of tables and columns that refer to other columns as foreign keys.

Unfortunately schema changes are non-transactional, so I fear you will indeed have to temporarily disable the foreign_key_checks for this operation. I recommend - if possible - to prevent connections from any clients during this phase to minimize the risk of accidental constraint violations.

As for the keys themselves: They will need to be dropped and recreated as well when you have changed the table data types.

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