Sort a list by multiple attributes?
I have a list of lists:
[[12, 'tall', 'blue', 1],
[2, 'short', 'red', 9],
[4, 'tall', 'blue', 13]]
If I wanted to sort by one element, say the tall/short element, I could do it via s = sorted(s, key = itemgetter(1)) .
If I wanted to sort by both tall/short and colour, I could do the sort twice, once for each element, but is there a quicker way?
A key can be a function that returns a tuple:
s = sorted(s, key = lambda x: (x[1], x[2]))
Or you can achieve the same using itemgetter (which is faster and avoids a Python function call):
import operator
s = sorted(s, key = operator.itemgetter(1, 2))
And notice that here you can use sort instead of using sorted and then reassigning:
s.sort(key = operator.itemgetter(1, 2))
I'm not sure if this is the most pythonic method ... I had a list of tuples that needed sorting 1st by descending integer values and 2nd alphabetically. This required reversing the integer sort but not the alphabetical sort. Here was my solution: (on the fly in an exam btw, I was not even aware you could 'nest' sorted functions)
a = [('Al', 2),('Bill', 1),('Carol', 2), ('Abel', 3), ('Zeke', 2), ('Chris', 1)]
b = sorted(sorted(a, key = lambda x : x[0]), key = lambda x : x[1], reverse = True)
print(b)
[('Abel', 3), ('Al', 2), ('Carol', 2), ('Zeke', 2), ('Bill', 1), ('Chris', 1)]
It appears you could use a list instead of a tuple . This becomes more important I think when you are grabbing attributes instead of 'magic indexes' of a list/tuple.
In my case I wanted to sort by multiple attributes of a class, where the incoming keys were strings. I needed different sorting in different places, and I wanted a common default sort for the parent class that clients were interacting with; only having to override the 'sorting keys' when I really 'needed to', but also in a way that I could store them as lists that the class could share
So first I defined a helper method
def attr_sort(self, attrs=['someAttributeString']:
'''helper to sort by the attributes named by strings of attrs in order'''
return lambda k: [ getattr(k, attr) for attr in attrs ]
then to use it
# would defined elsewhere but showing here for consiseness
self.SortListA = ['attrA', 'attrB']
self.SortListB = ['attrC', 'attrA']
records = .... #list of my objects to sort
records.sort(key=self.attr_sort(attrs=self.SortListA))
# perhaps later nearby or in another function
more_records = .... #another list
more_records.sort(key=self.attr_sort(attrs=self.SortListB))
This will use the generated lambda function sort the list by object.attrA and then object.attrB assuming object has a getter corresponding to the string names provided. And the second case would sort by object.attrC then object.attrA .
This also allows you to potentially expose outward sorting choices to be shard alike by a consumer, a unit test, or for them to perhaps tell you how they want sorting done for some operation in your api by only have to give you a list and not coupling them to your back end implementation.
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