Django migrate model with user in a foreignkey fails

Im trying to migrate my django model:

from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Post(models.Model):
    headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=200)
    body = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True, blank=True)

I added the author field after I created the model.

Here is the migration django creates:

# encoding: utf8
from django.db import models, migrations


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [('articles', '0002_auto')]

    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
            field = models.ForeignKey(to_field=u'id', to=u'auth.User', blank=True, null=True),
            name = 'author',
            model_name = 'post',
        ),
    ]

Here is my traceback when I try to run ./manage.py migrate:

Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: ckeditor, sessions, admin, messages, auth, staticfiles, contenttypes, django_extensions
  Apply all migrations: articles
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
  Installing custom SQL...
  Installing indexes...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
Running migrations:
  Applying articles.0002_post_author...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 397, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 390, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/core/management/base.py", line 242, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/core/management/base.py", line 289, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 116, in handle
    executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=options.get("fake", False))
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 60, in migrate
    self.apply_migration(migration, fake=fake)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 73, in apply_migration
    migration.apply(project_state, schema_editor)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 80, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, project_state, new_state)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 22, in database_forwards
    schema_editor.add_field(from_model, to_model._meta.get_field_by_name(self.name)[0])
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/backends/schema.py", line 349, in add_field
    definition, params = self.column_sql(model, field, include_default=True)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/backends/schema.py", line 105, in column_sql
    db_params = field.db_parameters(connection=self.connection)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 1285, in db_parameters
    return {"type": self.db_type(connection), "check": []}
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 1276, in db_type
    rel_field = self.related_field
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 1183, in related_field
    return self.foreign_related_fields[0]
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 971, in foreign_related_fields
    return tuple(rhs_field for lhs_field, rhs_field in self.related_fields)
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 958, in related_fields
    self._related_fields = self.resolve_related_fields()
  File "/home/USER/.virtualenvs/PROJECT/src/django-trunk/django/db/models/fields/related.py", line 943, in resolve_related_fields
    raise ValueError('Related model %r cannot been resolved' % self.rel.to)
ValueError: Related model u'auth.User' cannot been resolved

Anyone know what I'm doing wrong?

---

What helped me in this situation:

Delete all migration files except __init__.py (/%prjname%/migrations folder)

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

Not sure about exact cause, but i tried to use files, generated by my code-partner and it didn't work out.

---

Ok, this is another funky feature of Django which cost me hours to figure it out. According to https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/auth/customizing/#substituting-a-custom-user-model:

Due to limitations of Django's dynamic dependency feature for swappable models, you must ensure that the model referenced by AUTH_USER_MODEL is created in the first migration of its app (usually called 0001_initial); otherwise, you will have dependency issues.

So to solve this problem the best "clean" way is to put your custom user model creation in 0001_initial.py and it will simply work. And that's the real reason why Lebedev Sergey's delete/makemigrations trick can work.

---

This probably isn't your problem if you're not using a custom user model, but remember to always use get_user_model() or when referencing the User class. Also, when defining a foreign key, settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL works, too, as in:

class MyModel(models.Model):  
    person = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

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