使用OpenMP并行化功能
我试图并行运行代码,但我与私有/共享等与openmp相关的东西感到困惑。 我使用的是c ++(msvc12或gcc)和openmp。
代码在循环中迭代,该循环由一个应该并行运行的块组成,后面跟着一个应该在完成所有并行运行时运行的块。 并行处理的顺序并不重要。 代码如下所示:
// some X, M, N, Y, Z are some constant values
const int processes = 4;
std::vector<double> vct(X);
std::vector<std::vector<double> > stackVct(processes, std::vector<double>(Y));
std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > files(processes, M)
for(int i=0; i < N; ++i)
{
// parallel stuff
for(int process = 0; process < processes; ++process)
{
std::vector<double> &otherVct = stackVct[process];
const std::vector<std::string> &my_files = files[process];
for(int file = 0; file < my_files.size(); ++file)
{
// vct is read-only here, the value is not modified
doSomeOtherStuff(otherVct, vct);
// my_files[file] is read-only
std::vector<double> thirdVct(Y);
doSomeOtherStuff(my_files[file], thirdVct(Y));
// thirdVct and vct are read-only
doSomeOtherStuff2(thirdVct, otherVct, vct);
}
}
// when all the parallel stuff is done, do this job
// single thread stuff
// stackVct is read-only, vct is modified
doSingleTheadStuff(vct, stackVct)
}
如果性能更好,可以将“doSingleThreadSuff(...)”移动到并行循环中,但它需要由单个线程处理。 最内层循环中的功能顺序不能改变。
我应该如何声明#pragma omp才能使其工作? 谢谢!
并行运行for循环只是for
循环语句之上的#pragma omp parallel for
并且任何在for
循环之外声明的变量都由所有线程共享,并且在for循环中声明的任何变量对于每个线程都是私有的。
请注意,如果您并行执行文件IO,则除非至少某些文件位于不同的物理硬盘驱动器上,否则可能看不到太多的加速(如果所有操作都是文件IO,则无法实现)。
也许像这样(请注意,这只是一个素描,我没有验证它,但你可以明白):
// some X, M, N, Y, Z are some constant values
const int processes = 4;
std::vector<double> vct(X);
std::vector<std::vector<double> > stackVct(processes, std::vector<double>(Y));
std::vector<std::vector<std::string> > files(processes, M)
for(int i=0; i < N; ++i)
{
// parallel stuff
#pragma omp parallel firstprivate(vct, files) shared(stackVct)
{
#pragma omp for
for(int process = 0; process < processes; ++process)
{
std::vector<double> &otherVct = stackVct[process];
const std::vector<std::string> &my_files = files[process];
for(int file = 0; file < my_files.size(); ++file)
{
// vct is read-only here, the value is not modified
doSomeOtherStuff(otherVct, vct);
// my_files[file] is read-only
std::vector<double> thirdVct(Y);
doSomeOtherStuff(my_files[file], thirdVct(Y));
// thirdVct and vct are read-only
doSomeOtherStuff2(thirdVct, otherVct, vct);
}
}
// when all the parallel stuff is done, do this job
// single thread stuff
// stackVct is read-only, vct is modified
#pragma omp single nowait
doSingleTheadStuff(vct, stackVct)
}
}
vct
和files
标记为第一个私有files
,因为它们是只读的,我认为它们不应该被修改,所以每个线程都会为自己获取这些变量的副本。 stackVct
被标记为在所有线程之间共享,因为它们会对其进行修改。 doSingleTheadStuff
函数,而不会强制其他线程等待。