What is the difference between Early and Late Binding?

早期和晚期绑定有什么区别？

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简短的回答是，早期（或静态）绑定是指编译时绑定，后期（或动态）绑定是指运行时绑定（例如，当您使用反射时）。

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In compiled languages, the difference is stark.

Java:

//early binding:
public create_a_foo(*args) {
 return new Foo(args)
}
my_foo = create_a_foo();

//late binding:
public create_something(Class klass, *args) {
  klass.new_instance(args)
}
my_foo = create_something(Foo);

In the first example, the compiler can do all sorts of neat stuff at compile time. In the second, you just have to hope that whoever uses the method does so responsibly. (Of course, newer JVMs support the Class<? extends Foo> klass structure, which can greatly reduce this risk.)

Another benefit is that IDEs can hotlink to the class definition, since it's declared right there in the method. The call to create_something(Foo) might be very far from the method definition, and if you're looking at the method definition, it might be nice to see the implementation.

The major advantage of late binding is that it makes things like inversion-of-control easier, as well as certain other uses of polymorphism and duck-typing (if your language supports such things).

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Taken directly from http://word.mvps.org/fAQs/InterDev/EarlyvsLateBinding.htm

There are two ways to use Automation (or OLE Automation) to programmatically control another application.

Late binding uses CreateObject to create and instance of the application object, which you can then control. For example, to create a new instance of Excel using late binding:

 Dim oXL As Object
 Set oXL = CreateObject("Excel.Application")

On the other hand, to manipulate an existing instance of Excel (if Excel is already open) you would use GetObject (regardless whether you're using early or late binding):

 Dim oXL As Object
 Set oXL = GetObject(, "Excel.Application")

To use early binding, you first need to set a reference in your project to the application you want to manipulate. In the VB Editor of any Office application, or in VB itself, you do this by selecting Tools + References, and selecting the application you want from the list (eg “Microsoft Excel 8.0 Object Library”).

To create a new instance of Excel using early binding:

 Dim oXL As Excel.Application
 Set oXL = New Excel.Application

In either case, incidentally, you can first try to get an existing instance of Excel, and if that returns an error, you can create a new instance in your error handler.

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