将证书注册到SSL端口
我有一个Windows服务（以LocalSystem身份运行），它是自承载OWIN服务（SignalR）并需要通过SSL访问。
我可以在本地开发机器上设置SSL绑定 - 我可以在同一台机器上通过SSL访问我的服务。 但是，当我转到另一台计算机并尝试运行以下命令时，我收到一条错误消息：
命令：
netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:9389 appid={...guid here...} certhash=...cert hash here...
错误：
SSL证书添加失败，错误：1312
指定的登录会话不存在。 它可能已经被终止。
我使用的证书是完全签名的证书（不是开发证书），适用于我的本地开发箱。 以下是我正在做的事情：
Windows服务启动并使用以下代码注册我的证书：
var store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
var path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
var cert = new X509Certificate2(path + @"mycert.cer");
var existingCert = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindByThumbprint, cert.Thumbprint, false);
if (existingCert.Count == 0)
store.Add(cert);
store.Close();
然后我尝试使用netsh和以下代码将证书绑定到端口9389：
var process = new Process {
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo {
WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
FileName = "cmd.exe",
Arguments = "/c netsh http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:9389 appid={12345678-db90-4b66-8b01-88f7af2e36bf} certhash=" + cert.thumbprint
}
};
process.Start();
上面的代码成功地将证书安装到“本地计算机 - 证书受信任的根证书颁发机构证书”证书文件夹 - 但netsh命令无法运行，出现上述错误。 如果我使用netsh命令并以该命令行管理员身份在命令提示符下运行它，它也会抛出相同的错误 - 所以我不认为这是与代码相关的问题...
我必须想象，这是可能实现的 - 大量其他应用程序创建自托管服务并通过SSL托管它们 - 但我似乎无法完成此任务......任何人都有任何建议？ 也许编程替代netsh？
好的，我找到了答案：
如果您从另一台机器中引入证书，它将无法在新机器上运行。 您必须在新计算机上创建自签名证书并将其导入本地计算机的受信任根证书。
答案来自这里：如何使用C＃创建自签名证书？
为了后代的缘故，这是用于创建自签名证书的过程（来自上面引用的答案）：
从项目引用中的COM选项卡导入CertEnroll 1.0类型库
将以下方法添加到您的代码中：
//This method credit belongs to this StackOverflow Answer:
//https://stackoverflow.com/a/13806300/594354
using CERTENROLLLib;
public static X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName)
{
// create DN for subject and issuer
var dn = new CX500DistinguishedName();
dn.Encode("CN=" + subjectName, X500NameFlags.XCN_CERT_NAME_STR_NONE);
// create a new private key for the certificate
CX509PrivateKey privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey();
privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1.0";
privateKey.MachineContext = true;
privateKey.Length = 2048;
privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_SIGNATURE; // use is not limited
privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_EXPORT_FLAG;
privateKey.Create();
// Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm
var hashobj = new CObjectId();
hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID,
ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY,
AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA512");
// add extended key usage if you want - look at MSDN for a list of possible OIDs
var oid = new CObjectId();
oid.InitializeFromValue("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"); // SSL server
var oidlist = new CObjectIds();
oidlist.Add(oid);
var eku = new CX509ExtensionEnhancedKeyUsage();
eku.InitializeEncode(oidlist);
// Create the self signing request
var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate();
cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKey, "");
cert.Subject = dn;
cert.Issuer = dn; // the issuer and the subject are the same
cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now;
// this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you
cert.NotAfter = DateTime.Now;
cert.X509Extensions.Add((CX509Extension)eku); // add the EKU
cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm
cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate
// Do the final enrollment process
var enroll = new CX509Enrollment();
enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); // load the certificate
enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = subjectName; // Optional: add a friendly name
string csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64
// and install it back as the response
enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate,
csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, ""); // no password
// output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes
var base64encoded = enroll.CreatePFX("", // no password, this is for internal consumption
PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainWithRoot);
// instantiate the target class with the PKCS#12 data (and the empty password)
return new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(
System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64encoded), "",
// mark the private key as exportable (this is usually what you want to do)
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable
);
}
对于阅读此答案的其他人 - 从原始问题导入证书的代码现在应该更改为以下内容：
var certName = "Your Cert Subject Name";
var store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
var existingCert = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, certName, false);
if (existingCert.Count == 0)
{
var cert = CreateSelfSignedCertificate(certName);
store.Add(cert);
RegisterCertForSSL(cert.Thumbprint);
}
store.Close();
以下是完整的代码，其中包括：
**请原谅我的代码质量。 这只是一个非常肮脏的概念证据，粘在不同的代码片段上，我在网上找到和Robert Petz的回答。 我没有时间清理它：
记得
码：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Http.SelfHost;
using CERTENROLLLib;
namespace SelfhostSSLProofOfConcept
{
/// <summary>
/// Add Reference: COM > TypeLibraries > CertEnroll 1.0 Type Library
/// </summary>
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var port = 1234;
var certSubjectName = "Your cert subject name";
var expiresIn = TimeSpan.FromDays(7);
var cert = GenerateCert(certSubjectName, expiresIn);
Console.WriteLine("Generated certificate, {0}Thumbprint: {1}{0}", Environment.NewLine, cert.Thumbprint);
RegisterSslOnPort(port, cert.Thumbprint);
Console.WriteLine($"Registerd SSL on port: {port}");
var config = new HttpSelfHostConfiguration($"https://localhost:{port}");
var server = new HttpSelfHostServer(config, new MyWebAPIMessageHandler());
var task = server.OpenAsync();
task.Wait();
Process.Start($"https://localhost:{port}"); // automatically run browser
Console.WriteLine($"Web API Server has started at https://localhost:{port}");
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static void RegisterSslOnPort(int port, string certThumbprint)
{
var appId = Guid.NewGuid();
string arguments = $"http add sslcert ipport=0.0.0.0:{port} certhash={certThumbprint} appid={{{appId}}}";
ProcessStartInfo procStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("netsh", arguments);
procStartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
procStartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
procStartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
var process = Process.Start(procStartInfo);
while (!process.StandardOutput.EndOfStream)
{
string line = process.StandardOutput.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(line);
}
process.WaitForExit();
}
public static X509Certificate2 GenerateCert(string certName, TimeSpan expiresIn)
{
var store = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
var existingCert = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, certName, false);
if (existingCert.Count > 0)
{
store.Close();
return existingCert[0];
}
else
{
var cert = CreateSelfSignedCertificate(certName, expiresIn);
store.Add(cert);
store.Close();
return cert;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Add Reference: COM > TypeLibraries > CertEnroll 1.0 Type Library
/// source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13806300/594354
/// </summary>
/// <param name="subjectName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName, TimeSpan expiresIn)
{
// create DN for subject and issuer
var dn = new CX500DistinguishedName();
dn.Encode("CN=" + subjectName, X500NameFlags.XCN_CERT_NAME_STR_NONE);
// create a new private key for the certificate
CX509PrivateKey privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey();
privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1.0";
privateKey.MachineContext = true;
privateKey.Length = 2048;
privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_SIGNATURE; // use is not limited
privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_EXPORT_FLAG;
privateKey.Create();
// Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm
var hashobj = new CObjectId();
hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID,
ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY,
AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA512");
// add extended key usage if you want - look at MSDN for a list of possible OIDs
var oid = new CObjectId();
oid.InitializeFromValue("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"); // SSL server
var oidlist = new CObjectIds();
oidlist.Add(oid);
var eku = new CX509ExtensionEnhancedKeyUsage();
eku.InitializeEncode(oidlist);
// Create the self signing request
var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate();
cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKey, "");
cert.Subject = dn;
cert.Issuer = dn; // the issuer and the subject are the same
cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now;
// this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you
cert.NotAfter = DateTime.Now.Add(expiresIn);
cert.X509Extensions.Add((CX509Extension)eku); // add the EKU
cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm
cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate
// Do the final enrollment process
var enroll = new CX509Enrollment();
enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); // load the certificate
enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = subjectName; // Optional: add a friendly name
string csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64
// and install it back as the response
enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate,
csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, ""); // no password
// output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes
var base64encoded = enroll.CreatePFX("", // no password, this is for internal consumption
PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainWithRoot);
// instantiate the target class with the PKCS#12 data (and the empty password)
return new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(
System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64encoded), "",
// mark the private key as exportable (this is usually what you want to do)
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable
);
}
}
class MyWebAPIMessageHandler : HttpMessageHandler
{
protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var task = new Task<HttpResponseMessage>(() => {
var resMsg = new HttpResponseMessage();
resMsg.Content = new StringContent("Hello World!");
return resMsg;
});
task.Start();
return task;
}
}
}