我如何在Python中向YAML文件添加评论
我正在使用https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruamel.yaml编写YAML文件
代码是这样的:
import ruamel.yaml
from ruamel.yaml.comments import CommentedSeq
d = {}
for m in ['B1', 'B2', 'B3']:
d2 = {}
for f in ['A1', 'A2', 'A3']:
d2[f] = CommentedSeq(['test', 'test2'])
if f != 'A2':
d2[f].fa.set_flow_style()
d[m] = d2
with open('test.yml', "w") as f:
ruamel.yaml.dump(
d, f, Dumper=ruamel.yaml.RoundTripDumper,
default_flow_style=False, width=50, indent=8)
我只想在顶部添加评论,如:
# Data for Class A
在YAML数据之前。
在你with
块中,你可以写任何你想要的文件。 由于您只需要在顶部添加注释,请在调用f.write()
之前添加对f.write()
调用:
with open('test.yml', "w") as f:
f.write('# Data for Class An')
ruamel.yaml.dump(
d, f, Dumper=ruamel.yaml.RoundTripDumper,
default_flow_style=False, width=50, indent=8)
原则上这是可能的,因为你可以对这种“文件开始”注释进行往返,但是在当前的ruamel.yaml 0.10中没有得到很好的支持,当然不是在“从头开始”(即不改变现有的文件)。 底部是一个相对较好的解决方案,但我首先想提出一个丑陋的解决方法,并逐步明确如何完成这项工作。
丑陋 :
做这件事的丑陋的方法是在你写入YAML数据之前,将注释添加到文件中。 这是插入:
f.write('# Data for Class An')
在ruamel.yaml.dump(...)
之前
一步一步 :
为了在数据结构中插入注释,所以上面的破解不是必须的,你首先需要确保你的d
数据是一个CommentedMap
类型。 如果你是比较的差d
变量,一个是通过加载注释YAML回有评论c
import ruamel.yaml
from ruamel.yaml.comments import Comment, CommentedSeq, CommentedMap
d = CommentedMap() # <<<<< most important
for m in ['B1', 'B2', 'B3']:
d2 = {}
for f in ['A1', 'A2', 'A3']:
d2[f] = CommentedSeq(['test', 'test2'])
if f != 'A2':
d2[f].fa.set_flow_style()
d[m] = d2
yaml_str = ruamel.yaml.dump(d, Dumper=ruamel.yaml.RoundTripDumper,
default_flow_style=False, width=50, indent=8)
assert not hasattr(d, Comment.attrib) # no attribute on the CommentedMap
comment = 'Data for Class A'
commented_yaml_str = '# ' + comment + 'n' + yaml_str
c = ruamel.yaml.load(commented_yaml_str, Loader=ruamel.yaml.RoundTripLoader)
assert hasattr(c, Comment.attrib) # c has the attribute
print c.ca # and this is what it looks like
print d.ca # accessing comment attribute creates it empty
assert hasattr(d, Comment.attrib) # now the CommentedMap has the attribute
这打印:
Comment(comment=[None, [CommentToken(value=u'# Data for Class An')]],
items={})
Comment(comment=None,
items={})
Comment
有一个属性comment
,需要设置为由EOL注释(总是只有一个)和前面的行注释列表组成的2元素列表(以CommentTokens
的形式)
要创建一个CommentToken,你需要一个(假的)StartMark来告诉它启动的是哪一列:
from ruamel.yaml.error import Mark
start_mark = Mark(None, None, None, 0, None, None) # column 0
现在你可以创建令牌了:
from ruamel.yaml.tokens import CommentToken
ct = CommentToken('# ' + comment + 'n', start_mark, None)
将该标记指定为您的评论图上前面列表的第一个元素:
d.ca.comment = [None, [ct]]
print d.ca # in case you want to check
给你:
Comment(comment=[None, [CommentToken(value='# Data for Class An')]],
items={})
最后:
print ruamel.yaml.dump(d, Dumper=ruamel.yaml.RoundTripDumper)
得到:
# Data for Class A
B1:
A1: [test, test2]
A3: [test, test2]
A2:
- test
- test2
B2:
A1: [test, test2]
A3: [test, test2]
A2:
- test
- test2
B3:
A1: [test, test2]
A3: [test, test2]
A2:
- test
- test2
当然你不需要创建c
对象,这只是为了说明。
你应该使用什么样的 :为了使整个运动比较容易,你可以忘掉在下面的方法的细节和补丁CommentedBase
一次:
from ruamel.yaml.comments import CommentedBase
def set_start_comment(self, comment, indent=0):
"""overwrites any preceding comment lines on an object
expects comment to be without `#` and possible have mutlple lines
"""
from ruamel.yaml.error import Mark
from ruamel.yaml.tokens import CommentToken
if self.ca.comment is None:
pre_comments = []
self.ca.comment = [None, pre_comments]
else:
pre_comments = self.ca.comments[1]
if comment[-1] == 'n':
comment = comment[:-1] # strip final newline if there
start_mark = Mark(None, None, None, indent, None, None)
for com in comment.split('n'):
pre_comments.append(CommentToken('# ' + com + 'n', start_mark, None))
if not hasattr(CommentedBase, 'set_start_comment'): # in case it is there
CommentedBase.set_start_comment = set_start_comment
然后就这样做:
d.set_start_comment('Data for Class A')
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