设置全局gcc默认搜索路径
运行时
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -print-search-dirs | grep libraries | sed 's/:/n/g'
我得到以下输出：
libraries
=/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/
当交叉编译一些软件包时，它会让我的生活更容易追加到这些路径上。 我知道-L选项，我想使用它，但许多软件包在交叉编译时不尊重它，而且在代码源中使用它会导致问题。 （详见本文结尾）。 基本上我有一个完整的目录树，包含所有必需的文件来编译软件包，我想将目录树添加到默认搜索路径。 例如，这样-print-search-dirs也将输出类似于以下内容的路径：
/target/usr/lib
/target/lib
除了已经列出的路径之外。 我不在寻找代码资源的具体答案，因为我有几个可以使用的工具链。
对于那些好奇的人来说，Codeourcery安装中的错误是：
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc test.c
作品
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib test.c
失败：
/lib/libc.so.6: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
所以显然它是从主机中获取libc。 我见过这种情况发生在多个工具链上，但不是全部。
在回应评论：这是输出
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib test.c -v -Wl,-verbose
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/src/gcc-4.4-2010q1/configure --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --enable-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-extra-sgxxlite-multilibs --with-arch=armv5te --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-specs='%{funwind-tables|fno-unwind-tables|mabi=*|ffreestanding|nostdlib:;:-funwind-tables} %{O2:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-statics}} %{O*:%{O|O0|O1|O2|Os:;:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-statics}}}' --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --disable-lto --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-pkgversion='Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202' --with-bugurl=https://support.codesourcery.com/GNUToolchain/ --disable-nls --prefix=/opt/codesourcery --with-sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-build-sysroot=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-gmp=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-mpfr=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-ppl=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-host-libstdcxx='-static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic -lm' --with-cloog=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --disable-libgomp --enable-poison-system-directories --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/cc1 -quiet -v test.c -quiet -dumpbase test.c -march=armv5te -auxbase test -version -funwind-tables -o /tmp/ccaDSo09.s
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/local/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include search starts here:
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/include
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/include-fixed
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) version 4.4.1 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi)
compiled by GNU C version 4.3.2, GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 250bf78701f747da89e730786c466148
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/as -v -march=armv5te -meabi=5 -o /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o /tmp/ccaDSo09.s
GNU assembler version 2.19.51 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) using BFD version (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/:/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/collect2 --sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --eh-frame-hdr -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.3 -X -m armelf_linux_eabi /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1 -L/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o -verbose -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtend.o /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crtn.o
GNU ld (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709
Supported emulations:
armelf_linux_eabi
armelfb_linux_eabi
using internal linker script:
==================================================
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==================================================
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o
attempt to open /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o succeeded
/tmp/ccQTJKJd.o
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
opened script file /lib/libc.so.6
/lib/libc.so.6: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
您的交叉编译glibc配置错误。
在-Wl,-verbose链接器说：
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so
所以，它使用了-L选项并能够打开libc.so. 但这不是一个真正的.so动态库，它是一个脚本（链接器脚本）。
心灵感应模式开启：这个libc.so脚本的最后一行是
GROUP ( /lib/libc.so.6 /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a AS_NEEDED ( /lib/ld-linux.so.3 ) )
心灵感应模式关闭
此行包含硬编码的绝对路径，并将arm -... abi中的链接程序重定向到系统的libc，而忽略大多数搜索目录（可能存在ld一些秘密选项）。
只需使用任何文本编辑器编辑此文件（通过执行备份），并将所有/lib替换为/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/lib 。 （我的良好交叉编译器环境已将此脚本中的所有路径替换为前缀。）
原始脚本应该用于本地编译，本地运行，但不能用于交叉编译。
更新：bytesex表示http://linux.bytesex.org/cross-compiler.html与/usr/lib/libpthread.so存在相同的问题，请在该文件中进行替换。
要检查其他库，请在lib目录下执行file -skL *.so|grep text 。
正如@osgx所解释的那样，gcc正在寻找其库的错误路径。 当我尝试在x86_64上交叉编译arm的程序时，我遇到了类似的问题。 由于编辑根文件不是一个选项，我进一步搜索并发现了--sysroot选项：
--sysroot = DIR
使用dir作为标题和库的逻辑根目录。 例如，如果编译器通常在/ usr / include中搜索头文件，并在/ usr / lib中搜索库，则它会搜索dir / usr / include和dir / usr / lib。
如果您同时使用此选项和-isysroot选项，那么--sysroot选项将应用于库，但-isysroot选项适用于头文件。
GNU链接器（从版本2.16开始）对此选项有必要的支持。 如果你的链接器不支持这个选项，--sysroot的头文件方面仍然有效，但是库方面没有。
用法示例：
./configure --host=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
CFLAGS='-g -O2 --sysroot=/tmp/rpi-root'
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