How to calculate "amount" of color component in an RGB color

I wanted to perform a simple image analyses where I determine which portion of an image corresponds to a certain "control color range". I have reduced the image to a 2D pixel map containing RGB values but now I'm stuck trying to determine how much red, for example is contained in a certain pixel.

I know so little about color I'm having difficult time even finding the correct terms to use to start my search. Is there a simple formula to calculate the average or majority of an RGB component (the control color) that is contained in an RGB color? The goal is provide a control color and percent of it's amount that exists so I can filter it out from the other colors in the pixel map (ie this pixel is 80% red).

Thanks for your ideas.

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Here is an idea.

Load your image into an RGB color array.

Check each entry of the array to find the largest amount of color in that pixel.

Here is a little diagram of what I am trying to explain.

| R | G | B |
| 0 | 1 |255|

Going through you see that blue is the closest number to 255. Add it to an integer.

int r = 0; int g = 0; int b = 0;

b = b + 1;

When you are done analyzing each entry in the array check to see what color is the closest to 255.

r = 255 - r; g = 255 - r; b = 255 - r;

Compare each value to find the largest number.

And their you go.

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