为什么我的PostgreSQL数组索引无法使用(Rails 4)?

我有一个PostgreSQL字符串数组作为表中的一列。 我使用GIN方法创建了一个索引。 但是,任何查询都不会使用索引(而是使用过滤器对整个表进行顺序扫描)。 我错过了什么?

这是我的迁移:

class CreateDocuments < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    create_table :documents do |t|
      t.string :title
      t.string :tags, array: true, default: []
      t.timestamps
    end

    add_index :documents, :tags, using: 'gin'

    (1..100000).each do |i|
      tags = []
      tags << 'even' if (i % 2) == 0
      tags << 'odd' if (i % 2) == 1
      tags << 'divisible by 3' if (i % 3) == 0
      tags << 'divisible by 4' if (i % 4) == 0
      tags << 'divisible by 5' if (i % 5) == 0

      Document.create(
        title: i,
        tags: tags
      )
    end
  end

  def down
    drop_table :documents
  end
end

这是我的查询,结果是行数。

Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").explain
    Document Load (249.8ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    D, [2014-03-07T17:09:49.689709 #41937] DEBUG -- :   Document Load (249.8ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    => EXPLAIN for: SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents"  WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
                       QUERY PLAN
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Seq Scan on documents  (cost=0.00..3500.00 rows=20057 width=69)
      Filter: ('divisible by 5'::text = ANY ((tags)::text[]))
    (2 rows)

Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").length
    Document Load (258.0ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    D, [2014-03-07T17:09:55.536517 #41937] DEBUG -- :   Document Load (258.0ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    => 20000

要使用GIN索引,请使用<@ (“由”)运算符代替ANY构造。

该手册在此声明默认的GIN索引当前仅支持这些操作符(附加功能随扩展一起提供):

<@
@>
=
&&

所以试试这个查询:

Document.where("'{divisible by 5}' <@ tags").explain

请注意,即使是单个元素,左侧也需要使用array notation 。 运算符<@用于数组。 因此'{divisible by 5}'

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