install Command Line Tools
How do I get the command line builds tools installed with current Xcode / Mac OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion) or later?
Unlike Xcode there is no installer (it's just a bundle).
It looks like all the command line tools are there (in the bundle, under Contents/Developer), but none of the appropriate environment variables set to use them.
Is there a script somewhere I can run that will setup my environment to support building from the command line?
Xcode 5.1 and OSX 10.9. (also works with Xcode 5.1.1 + OSX 10.10)
xcode-select --install worked with version 2333, failed with version 2003. So, try xcode-select --install and if that does not work download as described below.
In early February 2014 xcode-select --install has been reporting that "Can't install the software because it is not currently available from the Software Update server". In late February 2014 the command started only displaying help. The solution is to download directly, see "Separate Download" below.
Xcode 5.0.1 and OSX 10.9
With Xcode 5.0.1 and Mavericks 10.9 the command line tool is no longer available through Xcode. Instead they must be downloaded from the Apple Developer Tools site: https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action. This requires signing in with a developer account.
Or via terminal (from the release docs): The Command Line Developer Tools package can be installed on demand using " xcode-select --install ” and the installed tools will be automatically updated using Software Update. OS X 10.9 is required for this feature. For earlier versions, continue to use the in-app download in Xcode.
Running the command in terminal produces the following GUI: 
Inside Xcode (5.0)
Xcode includes a new "Downloads" preference pane to install optional components such as command line tools, and previous iOS Simulators. To open this pane click the "Xcode" button in the top left of the screen near the Apple logo, then click "Preferences", then click "Downloads".
Xcode 5.0 screenshot: 
Xcode 4.x screenshot: 
Separate Download
If you do not have Xcode, they are available as a separate download from Apple:
Go to developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action, and sign in with your Apple ID (the download's free). In the pane on the left, search for "command line tools" and choose the package appropriate to your version of OS X. Requires Mac OS X 10.7.3 or later.
If you take a look into "Console" while trying to pull the Command Line Tools, you will find out that there is actually an "unofficial" link to the Mountain Lion Command Line Tools!
So just try:
http://adcdownload.apple.com/ios/ios_simulator__resigned/cltools_mountainliondp2_march12.dmg
Here is my Console log:
01/04/2012 15:41:54.258 Xcode: [MT] DVTDownloadable: Download failed. Downloadable: {
dependencies = (
);
fileSize = 141452226;
identifier = "Xcode.CLTools.10.8";
name = "Command Line Tools";
source = "http://adcdownload.apple.com/ios/ios_simulator__resigned/cltools_mountainliondp2_march12.dmg";
userInfo = {
ActivationPredicate = "$MAC_OS_X_VERSION >= '10.8.0' && $MAC_OS_X_VERSION < '10.9.0'";
InstallPrefix = "/";
InstalledIfAllSHA1SumsMatch = {
"/usr/bin/clang" = 600c35175775a6002452a88f17e00c570cd2e2d0;
};
Summary = "Before installing, note that from within Terminal you can use the XCRUN tool to launch compilers and other tools embedded within the Xcode application. Use the XCODE-SELECT tool to define which version of Xcode is active. Type "man xcrun" from within Terminal to find out more.nnDownloading this package will install copies of the core command line tools and system headers into system folders, including the LLVM compiler, linker, and build tools.";
"Xcode.SDKs" = (
);
};
version = "1.1.1";
}. Error: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=3840 "The data couldn’t be read because it has been corrupted." (Encountered unknown ampersand-escape sequence at line 18) UserInfo=0x401bc8e60 {NSDebugDescription=Encountered unknown ampersand-escape sequence at line 18, kCFPropertyListOldStyleParsingError=The data couldn’t be read because it has been corrupted.}
The "unofficial" links are also available at
http://developer.apple.com/downloads/
and 403: Forbidden unless logged in with a qualifying developer account. Free accounts have access to everything except prerelease software and full OS installs. In particular, the command-line tools packages that coincide with the release of Xcode 4.4 (the "July 2012" packages) were posted on July 27, for both Lion and Mountain Lion.
Unlike log files, deep-linking Web pages, and the Xcode Preferences window, this page also links to lots of other useful downloads for free and paid developers alike, including everything else that has been unbundled from Xcode (audio tools, accessibility tools, etc.), OS X kernel debug builds, and release versions of Xcode back to 1.0.
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