TreeMap或HashMap更快
这个问题在这里已经有了答案:
考虑到没有多少混合,hashmaps会给你o(1)的表现(有很多的混合,这可能会降级到潜在的O(n),其中N是任何单个桶中的条目数量(colissions))。 另一方面,如果您想要某种平衡的树结构,可以产生O(logN)检索,则使用TreeMaps。 所以这取决于你的特定用例。 但是,如果你只是想访问元素,不管他们的顺序使用HashMap
public class MapsInvestigation {
public static HashMap<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
public static TreeMap<String, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
public static ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
list.add(Integer.toString(i, 16));
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Warmup populate");
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
populateSet(hashMap);
populateSet(treeMap);
}
measureTimeToPopulate(hashMap, "HashMap", 1000);
measureTimeToPopulate(treeMap, "TreeMap", 1000);
System.out.println("Warmup get");
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
get(hashMap);
get(treeMap);
}
measureTimeToContains(hashMap, "HashMap", 1000);
measureTimeToContains(treeMap, "TreeMap", 1000);
}
private static void get(Map<String, String> map) {
for (String s : list) {
map.get(s);
}
}
private static void populateSet(Map<String, String> map) {
map.clear();
for (String s : list) {
map.put(s, s);
}
}
private static void measureTimeToPopulate(Map<String, String> map, String setName, int reps) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
populateSet(map);
}
long finish = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time to populate " + (reps * map.size()) + " entries in a " + setName + ": " + (finish - start));
}
private static void measureTimeToContains(Map<String, String> map, String setName, int reps) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
get(map);
}
long finish = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time to get() " + (reps * map.size()) + " entries in a " + setName + ": " + (finish - start));
}
}
给出这些结果:
Warmup populate
Time to populate 10000000 entries in a HashMap: 230
Time to populate 10000000 entries in a TreeMap: 1995
Warmup get
Time to get() 10000000 entries in a HashMap: 140
Time to get() 10000000 entries in a TreeMap: 1164
HashMap是O(1)(通常)用于访问; TreeMap是O(log n)(有保证)。
这假设你的关键对象是不可变的,并且有正确的equals和hashCode方法。 有关如何正确覆盖equals和hashCode,请参阅Joshua Bloch的“Effective Java”第3章。
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