git replacing LF with CRLF
Running git on a Windows XP machine, using bash. I exported my project from SVN, and then cloned a bare repository.
I then pasted the export into the bare repositories directory, and did a:
git add -A
I then got a list of messages saying:
LF will be replaced by CRLF
What are the ramifications of this conversion? This is a .NET solution in Visual Studio.
Git has three modes of how it treats line endings:
$ git config core.autocrlf
# that command will print "true" or "false" or "input"
You can set the mode to use by adding an additional parameter of true
or false
to the above command line.
If core.autocrlf
is set to true, that means that any time you add a file to the git repo that git thinks is a text file, it will turn all CRLF line endings to just LF before it stores it in the commit. Whenever you git checkout
something, all text files automatically will have their LF line endings converted to CRLF endings. This allows development of a project across platforms that use different line-ending styles without commits being very noisy because each editor changes the line ending style as the line ending style is always consistently LF.
The side-effect of this convenient conversion, and this is what the warning you're seeing is about, is that if a text file you authored originally had LF endings instead of CRLF, it will be stored with LF as usual, but when checked out later it will have CRLF endings. For normal text files this is usually just fine. The warning is a "for your information" in this case, but in case git incorrectly assesses a binary file to be a text file, it is an important warning because git would then be corrupting your binary file.
If core.autocrlf
is set to false, no line-ending conversion is ever performed, so text files are checked in as-is. This usually works ok, as long as all your developers are either on Linux or all on Windows. But in my experience I still tend to get text files with mixed line endings that end up causing problems.
My personal preference is to leave the setting turned ON, as a Windows developer.
See http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-config.html for updated info that includes the "input" value.
These messages are due to incorrect default value of core.autocrlf
on Windows.
The concept of autocrlf
is to handle line endings conversions transparently. And it does!
Bad news: value needs to be configured manually.
Good news: it should only be done ONE time per git installation (per project setting is also possible).
How autocrlf
works :
core.autocrlf=true: core.autocrlf=input: core.autocrlf=false:
repo repo repo
^ V ^ V ^ V
/ / /
crlf->lf lf->crl crlf->lf /
/ / /
Here crlf
= win-style end-of-line marker, lf
= unix-style (and mac osx).
(pre-osx cr
in not affected for any of three options above)
When does this warning show up (under Windows)
– autocrlf
= true
if you have unix-style lf
in one of your files (= RARELY),
– autocrlf
= input
if you have win-style crlf
in one of your files (= almost ALWAYS),
– autocrlf
= false
– NEVER!
What does this warning mean
The warning "LF will be replaced by CRLF" says that you (having autocrlf
= true
) will lose your unix-style LF after commit-checkout cycle (it will be replaced by windows-style CRLF). Git doesn't expect you to use unix-style LF under windows.
The warning "CRLF will be replaced by LF" says that you (having autocrlf
= input
) will lose your windows-style CRLF after a commit-checkout cycle (it will be replaced by unix-style LF). Don't use input
under windows.
Yet another way to show how autocrlf
works
1) true: x -> LF -> CRLF
2) input: x -> LF -> LF
3) false: x -> x -> x
where x is either CRLF (windows-style) or LF (unix-style) and arrows stand for
file to commit -> repository -> checked out file
How to fix
Default value for core.autocrlf
is selected during git installation and stored in system-wide gitconfig ( %ProgramFiles(x86)%gitetcgitconfig
). Also there're (cascading in the following order):
– "global" (per-user) gitconfig located at ~/.gitconfig
, yet another
– "global" (per-user) gitconfig at $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config
or $HOME/.config/git/config
and
– "local" (per-repo) gitconfig at .git/config
in the working dir.
So, write git config core.autocrlf
in the working dir to check the currently used value and
– add autocrlf=false
to system-wide gitconfig # per-system solution
– git config --global core.autocrlf false
# per-user solution
– git config --local core.autocrlf false
# per-project solution
Warnings
– git config
settings can be overridden by gitattributes
settings.
– crlf -> lf
conversion only happens when adding new files, crlf
files already existing in the repo aren't affected.
Moral (for Windows):
- use core.autocrlf
= true
if you plan to use this project under Unix as well (and unwilling to configure your editor/IDE to use unix line endings),
- use core.autocrlf
= false
if you plan to use this project under Windows only (or you have configured your editor/IDE to use unix line endings),
- never use core.autocrlf
= input
unless you have a good reason to (eg if you're using unix utilities under windows or if you run into makefiles issues),
PS What to choose when installing git for Windows?
If you're not going to use any of your projects under Unix, don't agree with the default first option. Choose the third one ( Checkout as-is, commit as-is ). You won't see this message. Ever.
PPS My personal preference is configuring the editor/IDE to use Unix-style endings, and setting core.autocrlf
to false
.
If you already have checked out the code, the files are already indexed. After changing your git settings you should refresh the indexes with
git rm --cached -r .
and re-write git index with
git reset --hard
https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/#refreshing-a-repository-after-changing-line-endings
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