Maximum possible size image and div expanding to fill the space

I'm sure this has been asked before but I can't find an answer to the exact question.

I want a very simple layout:

-------------------
      header
-------------------
         |
 content | graphic
         |
-------------------

where:

The header height is set by the font size;

The content has a fixed minimum width;

The graphic is as large as possible given those two constraints and preserving aspect ratio (ie it will be as tall as the screen minus the header unless that would make the content panel too narrow);

The content is as wide as possible given those three constraints.

[edited to add:]

Vertical: The image is vertically centered when the width+aspect ratio constraints result in it being shorter than the maximum height

Horizontal: The image is always hard against the right side of the screen (except for any manually added padding) and the content always goes right up to the left side of the image (also except for any manually added padding).

I've tried using flexboxes and have satisfied the first three constraints, but I can't get the content pane to grow horizontally to fill the space not used by the image. The best results I've got are using the HTML and CSS below but, as you can see in the screenshot below, this results in the content div and the image taking up the same size instead of the content div pushing the image to the right. (This is expected behavior from setting flex=1 on both, so I wasn't expecting it to work; but at least this gives me the image size behaving how I'd like).

What I'm using is at https://jsfiddle.net/uv566jc3/:

.grid {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  height: 95vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.header {
  flex: 0;
}
.grid__row {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}
.grid__item {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}
img {
  flex: 1;
  object-fit: contain;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}

<div class="grid">
  <div class="header">Some header stuff
  </div>
  <div class="grid__row">
    <div class="grid__item">1</div>
    <img id="pic" src="https://s27.postimg.org/oc7sozu7n/clouds.png">
  </div>
</div>

---

I've edited the code your solution is this what you want ? I'm not sure..

https://jsfiddle.net/vjLps7qs/6/

It becomes :

  .container {
    width: calc(100vw);
    height: 100vh;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .top {
    height: 1.25em;
    padding: 3px;
    background: yellow;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  .innerCtr {
    height: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .left {
    height: 100%;
    background: red;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .right {
    max-height: 100%;
    max-width: 80%;
    calc(100% - 1.25rem);
    background: blue;
    float: right;
    object-fit: contain;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    top: calc(50% - 1.25rem);
    transform: translateY(-52%) scale(0.95);
  }

added calc, which is supported by all major browsers

  .right {
    calc(100% - 1.25rem);
    top: calc(50% - 1.25rem);
  }

Again, I'm very sorry if that wasn't what you were looking for but this thread is hard to navigate.

---

This example uses float concept:

Portrait image:

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  margin: 0px;
}
.header {
  width: 100%;
  height:8vh;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.main-content {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
  padding: 0px;
}
.main-content > .left {
  float: left;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > .right {
  float: right;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > div {
  min-height: 50%;
  max-height: 90%;
}
.main-content > .right > img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 90vh;
}
.main-content:after,
.main-content:before {
  display: table;
  clear: both;
  content: "";
}

<div class="header">
  Some Header stuff..
  <br>
</div>
<div class="main-content">

  <div class="left">
    Somehitng on the left
  </div>
  <div class="right">
    <img src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/41/89/8c/41898cae6d9edd8737dfef07ab50ea57.jpg" />
  </div>
</div>

---

The flex: 1 factor

In your grid__row flex container, which is in row-direction, the two flex items – grid__item and img – each have flex: 1 applied.

This means that both items will divide the available space in the container evenly among themselves. In other words, 50/50, like in your illustration.

My suggestion: Remove flex: 1 from the img .

---

Whitespace resulting from object-fit: contain

With object-fit: contain the aspect ratio of the image is kept and it scales to fit within the box.

As a result, there may be whitespace on the left and/or right (portrait fit), or top and/or bottom (landscape fit).

That could be the reason you're seeing "padding" space on the left and right of the image.

If you try cover , all the space gets used, but there's cropping ( demo ).

Here's more about object-fit : https://stackoverflow.com/a/37127590/3597276

---

The overflow: hidden effect

With regard to your side comment:

...overflow=hidden (which I don't really understand what it's doing, but if I leave it out the img container expands horizontally by a factor of 2).

It's likely this is due to the minimum sizing algorithm of flex items.

By default, a flex item cannot be smaller than the size of its content.

However, this feature can be overridden with overflow: hidden .

More details here: Why doesn't flex item shrink past content size?

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