How to declare a global variable in JavaScript?
我怎样才能在JavaScript中声明一个全局变量？
If you have to generate global variables in production code (which should be avoided) always declare them explicitly :
window.globalVar = "This is global!";
While it is possible to define a global variable by just omitting var (assuming there is no local variable of the same name), doing so generates an implicit global, which is a bad thing to do and would generate an error in strict mode.
If this is the only application where you're going to use this variable, Felix's approach is excellent. However, if you're writing a jQuery plugin, consider "namespacing" (details on the quotes later...) variables and functions needed under the jQuery object. For example, I'm currently working on a jQuery popup menu that I've called miniMenu. Thus, I've defined a "namespace" miniMenu under jQuery, and I place everything there.
The reason I use quotes when I talk about javascript namespaces is that they aren't really namespaces in the normal sense. Instead, I just use a javascript object and place all my functions and variables as properties of this object.
Also, for convenience, I usually sub-space the plugin namespace with an i namespace for stuff that should only be used internally within the plugin, so as to hide it from users of the plugin.
This is how it works:
// An object to define utility functions and global variables on:
$.miniMenu = new Object();
// An object to define internal stuff for the plugin:
$.miniMenu.i = new Object();
Now I can just do $.miniMenu.i.globalVar = 3 or $.miniMenu.i.parseSomeStuff = function(...) {...} whenever I need to save something globally, and I still keep it out of the global namespace.
With jQuery you can just do this, no matter where the declaration is:
$my_global_var = 'my value';
And will be available everywhere. I use it for making quick image galleries, when images are spread in different places, like so:
$gallery = $('img');
$current = 0;
$gallery.each(function(i,v){
// preload images
(new Image()).src = v;
});
$('div').eq(0).append('<a style="display:inline-block" class="prev">prev</a> <div id="gallery"></div> <a style="display:inline-block" class="next">next</a>');
$('.next').click(function(){
$current = ( $current == $gallery.length - 1 ) ? 0 : $current + 1;
$('#gallery').hide().html($gallery[$current]).fadeIn();
});
$('.prev').click(function(){
$current = ( $current == 0 ) ? $gallery.length - 1 : $current - 1;
$('#gallery').hide().html($gallery[$current]).fadeIn();
});
Tip : run this whole code in the console in this page ;-)
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