Are dictionaries ordered in Python 3.6+?

Dictionaries are ordered in Python 3.6 (under the CPython implementation at least) unlike in previous incarnations. This seems like a substantial change, but it's only a short paragraph in the documentation. It is described as a CPython implementation detail rather than a language feature, but also implies this may become standard in the future. How does the new dictionary implementation

是否以Python 3.6+订购字典?

字典在Python 3.6(至少在CPython实现下)与以前的版本不同。 这似乎是一个很大的变化,但这只是文档中的一小段。 它被描述为CPython实现细节而不是语言特性,但也意味着这可能在未来成为标准。 新的词典实现如何在保持元素顺序的同时比旧的更好? 以下是文档中的文字: dict()现在使用由PyPy开创的“紧凑”表示。 与Python 3.5相比,新dict()的内存使用量减少了20%到25%。 PEP 468(保留函数中的** kwargs的顺序)

Build a Basic Python Iterator

如何在python中创建迭代函数(或迭代器对象)? Iterator objects in python conform to the iterator protocol, which basically means they provide two methods: __iter__() and next() . The __iter__ returns the iterator object and is implicitly called at the start of loops. The next() method returns the next value and is implicitly called at each loop increment. next() raises a StopIteration exception

构建一个基本的Python迭代器

如何在python中创建迭代函数(或迭代器对象)? python中的迭代器对象符合迭代器协议,这意味着它们提供了两种方法: __iter__()和next() 。 __iter__返回迭代器对象,并在循环开始时隐式调用。 next()方法返回下一个值,并在每个循环增量中隐式调用。 next()会在没有更多值返回时引发StopIteration异常,这是通过循环结构隐式捕获以停止迭代。 以下是一个简单的计数器示例: class Counter: def __init__(self, low, h

Call a parent class's method from child class in Python?

When creating a simple object hierarchy in Python, I'd like to be able to invoke methods of the parent class from a derived class. In Perl and Java, there is a keyword for this (super). In Perl, I might do this: package Foo; sub frotz { return "Bamf"; } package Bar; @ISA = qw(Foo); sub frotz { my $str = SUPER::frotz(); return uc($str); } In python, it appears that I have to n

在Python中从子类调用父类的方法?

在Python中创建简单对象层次结构时,我希望能够从派生类中调用父类的方法。 在Perl和Java中,这个(超级)有一个关键字。 在Perl中,我可能会这样做: package Foo; sub frotz { return "Bamf"; } package Bar; @ISA = qw(Foo); sub frotz { my $str = SUPER::frotz(); return uc($str); } 在python中,看起来我必须从孩子明确指定父类。 在上面的例子中,我必须做一些像Foo :: frotz()。 这看起来不正确

What does 'super' do in Python?

What's the difference between: class Child(SomeBaseClass): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() and: class Child(SomeBaseClass): def __init__(self): SomeBaseClass.__init__(self) I've seen super being used quite a lot in classes with only single inheritance. I can see why you'd use it in multiple inheritance but am unclear as to what the advant

“超级”在Python中做什么?

有什么区别: class Child(SomeBaseClass): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() 和: class Child(SomeBaseClass): def __init__(self): SomeBaseClass.__init__(self) 我已经看到只有单一继承才能在类中使用super类。 我可以看到为什么你会在多重继承中使用它,但我不清楚在这种情况下使用它的优点。 super()在单一继承中的好处是最小的 - 大多数情况下,您不必将基类的名称硬

How do I parse XML in Python?

I have many rows in a database that contains xml and I'm trying to write a Python script that will go through those rows and count how many instances of a particular node attribute show up. For instance, my tree looks like: <foo> <bar> <type foobar="1"/> <type foobar="2"/> </bar> </foo> How can I access the attributes 1 and 2 in the XML

如何解析Python中的XML?

我在包含xml的数据库中有很多行,并且我正在尝试编写一个Python脚本,它将通过这些行并计算出特定节点属性的实例数。 例如,我的树看起来像: <foo> <bar> <type foobar="1"/> <type foobar="2"/> </bar> </foo> 我如何使用Python访问XML中的属性1和2? 我建议ElementTree 。 还有其他兼容的API实现,如Python标准库本身中的lxml和cElementTree ; 但是在这种情况

Twisted starting/stopping factory/protocol less noisy log messages

Is there a way to tell to twistd to not log all factory and protocol start and stop. I use many type of protocols and performs a lot of connections ... and my log file grows a lot. So i'm looking for a simple way to disable those messages. Regards You can set the noisy attribute of a factory to False to prevent it from logging these messages. See also http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/tick

扭曲的启动/停止工厂/协议减少嘈杂的日志消息

有没有办法告诉扭转不记录所有工厂和协议的启动和停止。 我使用许多类型的协议并执行很多连接......并且我的日志文件增长很多。 所以我正在寻找一种简单的方法来禁用这些消息。 问候 您可以将工厂的noisy属性设置为False以防止它记录这些消息。 另见http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/ticket/4021,这可能会在下一个Twisted版本中得到解决。 例如,这是一个有两个客户端的程序,但只有一个会记录其开始/停止消息: import

Using Python, how do I tell if a rectangle and a shape overlap?

I'm writing a program in Python. I have a series of shapes (polygons, defined as a sequence of coordinate pairs) and I need to tell if they overlap a particular rectangle. Is there an easy algorithm for handling this? Or, better, is there a pure Python library that can handle these calculations for me? Presuming your "arbitrary shapes" are indeed polygons (given that they'

使用Python,我如何判断矩形和形状是否重叠?

我正在用Python编写一个程序。 我有一系列的形状(多边形,定义为一系列坐标对),我需要告诉它们是否重叠了一个特定的矩形。 有没有一种简单的算法来处理这个问题? 或者,更好的是,是否有一个纯Python库可以为我处理这些计算? 假定你的“任意形状”确实是多边形(假设它们被描述为坐标对),确定它们是否重叠(以任何语言)是相对平凡的计算。 您只需计算多边形A的任何一边是否与多边形B的任何其他边相交 如果你需要

Checking for member existence in Python

I regularly want to check if an object has a member or not. An example is the creation of a singleton in a function. For that purpose, you can use hasattr like this: class Foo(object): @classmethod def singleton(self): if not hasattr(self, 'instance'): self.instance = Foo() return self.instance But you can also do this: class Foo(object): @classmethod

在Python中检查成员存在

我经常想检查一个对象是否有成员。 一个例子是在函数中创建一个单例。 为此,您可以像这样使用hasattr : class Foo(object): @classmethod def singleton(self): if not hasattr(self, 'instance'): self.instance = Foo() return self.instance 但你也可以这样做: class Foo(object): @classmethod def singleton(self): try: return self.instance

Using try vs if in python

Is there a rationale to decide which one of try or if constructs to use, when testing variable to have a value? For example, there is a function that returns either a list or doesn't return a value. I want to check result before processing it. Which of the following would be more preferable and why? result = function(); if (result): for r in result: #process items or result

使用尝试与如果在Python中

当测试变量来获得一个值时, if有理由决定try哪一个或者哪个构造要使用? 例如,有一个函数返回一个列表或者不返回一个值。 我想在处理之前检查结果。 以下哪项更可取,为什么? result = function(); if (result): for r in result: #process items 要么 result = function(); try: for r in result: #process items except TypeError: pass; 相关讨论: 在Python中检查成员存在 你经

Default value in Python in the context of a loop?

This question already has an answer here: Local variables in Python nested functions 3 answers What is the scope of a defaulted parameter in Python? 7 answers

Python中的循环上下文中的默认值?

这个问题在这里已经有了答案: Python嵌套函数中的局部变量3个答案 Python中的默认参数的范围是什么? 7个答案